First records of xylophilous Basidiomycetes ( Fungi ) in Mondaí , Santa Catarina ( Southern Brazil )

A taxonomic survey of xylophilous Basidiomycetes resulted in the identi cation of 21 species belonging to the families Boreostereaceae Jülich (1), Ganodermataceae Donk (2), Hymenochaetaceae Imazeki & Toki (6), Meripilaceae Jülich (2), Podoscyphaceae Reid (1), Polyporaceae Fr.: Corda (8) and Schizophyllaceae Quél. (1). All species are new records for Mondaí.


Introduction
The diversity shown in the fungus kingdom is surprising for its immense distribution and association with organic and inorganic substracts.The Fungi comprise one of the largest groups of eukariota in terrestrial environments, after insects (Fröhlich and Hyde, 1999).But knowledge of the mycodiversity is still extraordinarily de¿ cient and fragmentary, making inventory di-f¿ cult due primarily to the insuf¿ cient number of researchers in this area (Müeller and Bills, 2004).
The most acceptable estimate was made by Hawksworth (2004) who considers the existence of more than 1.5 million fungal species, of which only 100.000 (7%) of the fungi have been described.A major part of the unknown taxa is supposed to be found in tropical regions, where the diversity of fungi higher than in temperate areas (Piepenbring, 2007).The subject of this works is to expand the knowledge of the xylophilous Basidiomycetes.

Materials and Methods
Mondaí is located in the extreme west of the state of Santa Catarina (27º06"16'S and 53º24"07'W), southern Brazil, with a total land area of nearly 201km 2 .The area was originally covered by Deciduous Seasonal Forest and the collections for this work were made in the remnants of these forest.Field trips were carried out between December/2005 and May/2007 at two locations in the Mondaí municipality: Linha Sanga Forte and Linha Uruguai, areas of six and seven acres, respectively.After collections, the basidiomata were taken to the Laboratório de Micologia (BOT/CCB/UFSC), where they were analyzed.

Results and Discussion
This article provides keys to the identi¿ cation of some taxa together with their geographical distribution in Brazil, comments, voucher material and illustrations of basidiospores (Figure 1) from each species.AGARICALES Clem., 1909. SCHIZOPHYLLACEAE Quél., 1888. Schizophyllum commune (Fr.)Comments: This species is distinguished by whitish to buff color split lamellae; greyish or brownish, hirsute pilear surface with adhymenial hairs and thick context (Cooke, 1961), that make it easily recognizable in the ¿ eld.HYMENOCHAETALES Oberw., 1977. HYMENOCHAETACEAE Imazeki & Toki, 1954.Comments: The specimens agree with Inonotus Karsten's genera concept.However, the macrocospic and microscopical characteristics were not the same as previously described species available in literature, and it will be necessary to expand research on this taxon.
Distribution: pantropical, Brazil (RS, SC).Comments: Fuscoporia gilva (= Phellinus gilvus (Schwein) Pat.) is a very conspicuous species frequently collected in the tropics in open areas (Ryvarden, 2004).Macroscopically, it is similar to the species of Inonotus Karst.because of its annual and small basi-diomata.This species is characterized by its abundant ventricose hymenial setae and small ellipsoid basidiospores.
Comments: Diagnostic characteristics of this species are the pale golden brown spores, ovoid to subglobose spores and variably abundant setae (Ryvarden 2004).This species was previously recorded for Salto Veloso and Major Gercino, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Groposo et al., 2007).
Comments: Some authors consider this species to be different from Mycobonia brunneoleuca (Berk.& M. A. Curtis) Pat. because its fusoid-ellipsoid basidiospores are smaller in width.The hyphal pegs at the hymenium, with subhymenial origin, are similar to those described by Corner (1984) and Reid (1976).Description in Ryvarden (2004).
Comments: This species is usually recognized due to its distinct black crust and dark brown pileus, tubes and context, as well as a dark line under its cutis.The cutis is anamixodermic, characteristic of what separates the species G. australe from G. applanatum (Pers.)Pat., which has a trichodermic cutis (Loguercio-Leite et al., 2005).
Comments: This species is very close to G. resinaceum Boudier, according to Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), who emphasize that G. lucidum (Curtis: Fr) P. Karst. is distinguished by its characteristically stipitate basidiomata, its hymeniodermic cutis and the size of its spores (globose and smaller than the ones in G. resinaceum Boudier).MERIPILACEAE Jülich, 1982.Description in Ryvarden and Johansen (1980).
Comments: Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) pointed out that this species has yellow to brownish yellow basidiomata of large size, globose to subglobose spores, and large and mammiform cystidioles among the basidia.
Comments: When Ryvarden (1987) described R. amazonicus as a new species, he emphasized that it seemed to be a large specimen of Rigidoporus biokoensis (Lloyd) Ryvarden, which also has a lateral stipe.However, R. biokoensis is a smaller species and besides that it has a homogeneous context and bigger globose spores.PODOSCYPHACEAE Reid, 1965.Comments: This species has a well developed thick cuticular zone, similar in struture to Cymatoderma blumei (Lév.)Reid.The differentiation between these two species is the absence of cystidia and spore size, larger in C. caperatum (Reid, 1965).POLYPORACEAE Fr.: ex Corda, 1839.na, Brazil) of the ¿ rst author.We are grateful to the reviewers and would like to express our deep thanks for their help in the correction and improvement of the present article.