Two new species of Lipurometriocnemus Sæther from Brazil ( Diptera : Chironomidae , Orthocladiinae )

Lipurometriocnemus amazonicus n. sp. from Manaus in the Amazon and L. biancae n. sp. from Urubici in Santa Catarina State are described and illustrated as males. Lipurometriocnemus amazonicus n. sp. can be separated from other described Lipurometriocnemus species because it lacks setae on the R 1 and R 4+5 ; has a comparatively long, low inferior volsella; comparatively few, mostly uniserial dorsocentrals; and a low AR. Lipurometriocnemus biancae n. sp. differs because it has setae on both R 1 and R 4+5 ; a distinct, rounded inferior volsella; and bito triserial dorsocentrals. The generic description is emended and a key to the males of all known species is provided.


Introduction
The genus Lipurometriocnemus Saether was erected by Saether (1981) based on L. glabalus Saether from St. Vincent and St. Lucia in the British West Indies.Later, Saether (1982) described L. vixlobatus Saether from North Carolina and Georgia, U.S.A.; this species has also been recorded from the Yukon Territory, Canada (CRANSTON;OLIVER, 1988).The genus is similar to Bryophaenocladius Thienemann and Metriocnemus van der Wulp, but differs from both by the absence of an anal point and from the latter by the absence of setae on the wing membrane.
During ieldwork in Brazil, two new species of Lipurometriocnemus were collected, L. amazonicus n. sp.from the Amazon rain forest and L. biancae n. sp.from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil.Both species are described and illustrated below based on male adults.

Material and Methods
The specimens examined were collected in light traps or Malaise traps and preserved in alcohol.They were later mounted in Canada Balsam following the procedure outlined by Saether (1969).The general morphology follows Saether (1980).
The holotypes will be deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.Paratypes will be kept in the Department of Natural History (ZMBN), Bergen University Museum, University of Bergen, Norway, and at MZUSP.

Emended description
Small to medium-sized species, with wing length 1.0-2.1 mm.
Head.Eye bare, without or with short wedge-shaped dorsomedial extension.Temporal setae in single row, consisting of inner and outer verticals, postorbitals generally few or absent.Palp with 5 segments, normal.Apex of palpomere 3 with 2-8 sensilla clavata, sometimes with inger-like extension.
Thorax.Antepronotum well developed, median lobes not narrowed and joined anteriorly at suture, with several lateral antepronotals.Acrostichals strong to weak, beginning near antepronotum; dorsocentrals generally numerous, uni-to multiserial at least anteriorly; several prealars present, supraalar present or absent.Scutellum with single or double row of scutellars, posterior setae strongest.
Wing.Anal lobe well developed.Membrane without setae, with strong microtrichia.Costa slightly to moderately extended; R 2+3 running and ending about midway between R 1 and R 4+5 ; R 4+5 ending distal to end of M 3+4 ; FCu far distal to RM; Cu 1 straight; An ending opposite or proximal to FCu.Brachiolum with 1-3 setae, R with setae, R 1 and R 4+5 with or without setae.Squama with several setae.
Hypopygium.Anal point absent or represented by more or less pronounced dorsal hump with several setae.

New Lipurometriocnemus from Brazil
Sternapodeme nearly straight to slightly rounded, oral projections vestigial to weak.Virga vestigial or small, nail-shaped.Gonocoxite with vestigial to distinct, rounded inferior volsella.Gonostylus club-shaped, with short crista dorsalis.

Diagnostic characters
The species differs from other described Lipurometriocnemus species because it lacks setae on the R 1 and R 4+5 ; has a comparatively long, low inferior volsella; comparatively few, mostly uniserial dorsocentrals; and a low AR.
Coloration.Head, thorax and abdomen brown, legs slightly lighter brown.

Distribution and ecology
The species is only known from the type locality, Reserva Adolpho Ducke, a 10,000 ha reserve on the outskirts of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil.The specimens were collected in a light trap situated close to a stream and several temporary pools.The area is covered with primary forest and is relatively lat.During the rainy season numerous small pools form, which are scattered on the forest loor.(EPLER, 1988;MENDES et al., 2011;PINHO et al., 2013;OLIVEIRA et al., 2013;ANDERSEN;PINHO, 2014a;2014b;ANDERSEN et al., 2015a;2015b).

Etymology
Named after Bianca Cecilie Nygård (University of Bergen) for all support related to ieldtrips to South America.
up the project to increase the knowledge about aquatic insects in Amazonas State.Gladys Ramirez made the slide preparations.Financial support for ieldwork in Amazonas was provided through a project supported by PRONEX-CNPq (MCT)-FAPEAM (Insetos aquáticos: biodiversidade, ferramentas ambientais e a popularização da ciência para melhoria da qualidade de vida humana no estado do Amazonas) and INPA (MCT).