Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano
A Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano (RBCDH) tem como finalidade divulgar conhecimentos científicos originais que contribuam para o avanço da ciência do movimento humano, com ênfase na cineantropometria nas suas vertentes morfológica e funcional, bem como os fatores condicionantes do desempenho físico. Publica: artigos originais, artigos de revisão, pontos de vista. Idiomas: inglês.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC. Brasil
Direitos Autorais para artigos publicados nesta revista são do autor, com direitos de primeira publicação para a revista. Em virtude da aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais, desde que seja dada a atribuição. Esta obra foi licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional - CC BY
Physical activity level of Chilean preschool children during each segment of the school day: comparison by presence of physical education class and school schedule
This study aimed to evaluate Chilean preschoolers' PAL during each segment and the whole school day, according to sex, presence of PE, and duration of school schedule. Observational, cross-sectional study including 630 preschoolers, 50% girls (5.2 years ± 0.3), who wore accelerometers during the school day. We compared days with and without no PE, the time in sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and PAL during each segment and whole school day, according to sex and school schedule (half or full day) as well as MVPA between more and less active children. Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests for dependent samples were used. On days with no PE, 60% of the time, preschoolers engaged in SB, mainly during curricular classes (60.8% and 53.8% in half and full days, respectively), and 8% in MVPA, mainly during recess (56.9% and 49.5% during half and full respectively). On days with PE, boys and girls engaged in significantly higher MVPA (9.3% no PE and 13.4% with PE; girls: 7.4% no PE and 10.2% with PE). Boys spent significantly more time in MVPA than girls (9.4% boys and 7.3% girls). Active preschoolers engaged in more MVPA not only during the whole school day but also during each segment. To increase PAL in preschoolers, especially girls, at least two aspects should be considered: providing more active curricular classes and increasing activity on days without PE.
Derechos de autor 2026 Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance
Baroreflex and autonomic responses to two equated isometric resistance exercise protocols in females
Different resistance exercise sessions/set configurations seem to lead to distinct hemodynamic, baroreflex, and autonomic responses. Nevertheless, the baroreflex and autonomic reactivities to an equated impulse-to-rest ratio (I:R) isometric exercise (IE) session in females must be clarified. Thus, we investigated the autonomic and baroreflex responses of two equalized I:R isometric exercise sessions in females. Nine healthy females (25 ± 3 years) performed two isometric protocols equalized in I:R with 30% 1 RM: long set protocol (LSC): 4 sets x 2 min isometric x 2 min rest; Short set protocol (SSC): 16 sets x 30 s isometric x 24s rest. Blood pressure (BP) and cardiac intervals were monitored by photoplestimography and electrocardiogram pre-, during, and after (immediately, 30 and 60 min) exercise. Time and frequency domain parameters of the heart rate variability and baroreflex gain and effectiveness were calculated. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was applied. Both RT protocols evoked a reduction in baroreflex gain, whereas the LSC gain reduction lasted longer (30 and 60 minutes). Only the SSC decreased RMSSD during exercise compared to pre-values (p < 0.05). SDNN increased during exercise in LSC protocol (p<0.05). HF band reduced only in the SSC protocol during exercise (p < 0.05), while LF/HF ratio also augmented only in the SSC during exercise (p<0.05). LSC evoked more prolonged reductions in baroreflex gain, while SSC protocol caused a greater disturbance in cardiac autonomic modulation.
Derechos de autor 2025 Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance
Prevalência e fatores associados ao deslocamento ativo em estudantes universitários do estado da Bahia
O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência e os fatores comportamentais, sociodemográficas e ambientais associados ao deslocamento ativo (DA) para ir/voltar à universidade em estudantes do estado da Bahia. Realizou-se um estudo transversal em 2019 com 1.506 estudantes das universidades federais (UFs) com campus no estado da Bahia. O desfecho do estudo foi o DA para ir/voltar à universidade. As variáveis independentes foram violência no trânsito, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), sexo, classe social, trabalho/estágio, situação conjugal e faixa etária, tempo de universidade, turno de estudo, carga horária de estudo, atividade física no lazer (AFL), tempo sentado e tempo de sono. Foram empregadas as estimativas de associação via Odds Ratio (OR), complementadas pelo intervalo de confiança a 95% (IC95%), por meio da regressão logística multinível para efeitos mistos. A prevalência de DA foi de 19,7%. Universitários da classe social D/E tiveram mais chances de realizar o DA (OR=1,992; IC: 1,273-3,116), por outro lado, universitários que trabalhavam/estagiavam (OR=0,732; IC: 0,598-0,895) e foram inativos no lazer (OR=0,672; IC: 0,488-0,925) tiveram menores chances de realizar o DA. Quanto maior o IDH das cidades de localização das UFs, menores foram as chances de DA (OR=0,669; IC: 0,505-0,886). Concluiu-se que aproximadamente 20 a cada 100 estudantes realizava o DA para a universidade. Observou-se que o contexto socioambiental relacionado ao IDH das cidades e os aspectos individuais, como a classe social, trabalho/estágio e AFL associaram-se com o DA.
Derechos de autor 2026 Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano
Longitudinal analysis of the competitive performance of medal-winning duathletes over a 42-week season
Duathlon is a modality considered recent that consists of running-transition-cycling-transition-running and still lacks scientific informations about the competition system that helps in the preparation of athletes. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the competitive performance of duathletes based on anthropometric, neuromuscular and physiological indicators throughout six stages of the competition. For this purpose, seven male duathletes medalists in their respective categories (39.5 ± 4.9 years, 73.9 ± 8.7 kg and 63.7 ± 6.5 VO2max) who participated throughout the six stages in 42 week-season of the Interior Cup were analyzed. The following were analyzed total and partial time (hh:mm:ss), average speed (km/h), pace (mm:ss), body mass (kg), body fat (%), vertical jump (watts and cm), heart rate (bpm), lactate (mmol-L-1) in addition to geographic and climatic conditions. In the main results, there is a significant difference in the time and average speed throughout the six stages, with the best results in stages three and five (S3 and S5). The values ​​of vertical jump are significantly lower after the race, while lactate concentration is significantly higher. It is hypothesized that this work may benefit coaches and duathletes from the characterization of the modality carried out through the analysis of long-term competitive performance that highlights the relevance of some particularities of the sprint duathlon, mainly regarding the importance of the calendar, regulations and rules of the competition, in addition to the influence of geographic and climatic conditions on the final performance of the athlete.
Efeitos do protocolo Home-based Older People's Exercises (HOPE) na capacidade funcional, risco de quedas, medo de cair e qualidade de vida em idosas brasileiras com sarcopenia
Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos do programa Home-based Older People’s Exercise (HOPE) na capacidade funcional, risco de quedas, medo de cair e qualidade de vida em idosas sarcopênicas residentes no Distrito Federal. A intervenção envolveu 20 idosas diagnosticadas com sarcopenia que participaram de um regime de exercícios de 12 semanas, duas vezes por semana, com foco em mobilidade funcional, força e equilíbrio. Os resultados mostraram melhorias significativas na capacidade funcional, incluindo melhor desempenho em testes de mobilidade e aumento da força muscular. Especificamente, o Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e a força de preensão manual melhoraram, e o risco de quedas, bem como o medo de cair, diminuíram significativamente. No entanto, nenhuma alteração foi observada na massa muscular. Além disso, a qualidade de vida, avaliada por meio da escala EQ-5D, mostrou melhora acentuada. Apesar da ausência de alterações na massa muscular, o programa demonstrou sua eficácia na melhoria da mobilidade, força e aspectos psicológicos relacionados ao risco de queda. Os achados sugerem que o protocolo HOPE pode ser uma intervenção valiosa e de baixo custo para melhorar a saúde e a independência de idosos frágeis e sarcopênicos.
Acurácia da Fotogrametria para Detectar Alterações Torácicas em Indivíduos com Escoliose Idiopática do Adolescente
A radiografia total da coluna em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) é o padrão ouro para classificar a gravidade da curva pelo método Cobb. Esses pacientes necessitam realizar com frequência as radiografias, o que promove um aumento da exposição à radiação. Diante disso, outras formas de identificar as alterações vertebrais estão sendo estudadas. Como os métodos fotográficos computadorizados ou fotogrametria. Dessa forma o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a acurácia da fotogrametria para detectar alterações torácicas em indivíduos com EIA. E foi realizado um estudo transversal com pacientes com diagnóstico de EIA Lenke I e adolescentes saudáveis. Todos fizeram fotos do corpo todo, com marcadores anatômicos posicionados em pontos previamente estudados. Para identificar as melhores medidas de ângulos e distâncias no Software de Análise Postural (SAPO) foram determinadas as curvas ROC e calculada a área sob a curva. Definidos como ponto de corte para detecção das alterações posturais os pontos combinados de maior sensibilidade e especificidade. E foram avaliados 78 voluntários. Grupo escoliose (n=47) e controle (n=31). Em relação aos ângulos e distâncias medidos pelo SAPO, foi observado diferença entre os grupos para os ângulos e distâncias. Os ângulos e distâncias que obtiveram área sob a curva ROC maior que 0,7 foram: A2, A4D/A4E, A5D/A5E, A7 e D1D/D1E. Concluindo que a utilização da fotogrametria pode auxiliar na avaliação identificando alterações torácicas e pode ser utilizada como modo de triagem da progressão da curva da escoliose, visto que os ângulos e relações apresentam boa acurácia para identificar a escoliose Lenke I.
Effectiveness of a motor intervention program in students with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a motor intervention program in children aged 6 to 10 years with motor development below expectations and probable DCD, using a quantitative experimental design. A total of 203 students from a state school in Maringá-PR participated, of which 39 were selected for more detailed evaluations. They were divided into experimental and control groups; the experimental group participated in a motor intervention program based on fundamental movements lasting 12 weeks. The following instruments were used: Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test (BOT-2) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2), in addition to measuring BMI and abdominal circumference. The results showed a positive and significant effect on the total motor development score in the motor intervention group, with improvements in manual dexterity and balance skills. BMI was identified as a factor that negatively influenced the balance score. It is concluded that the motor intervention was effective in promoting the motor development of children, especially in manual dexterity and balance skills, highlighting the importance of adapted programs to support comprehensive development in school environments.
REPRODUTIBILIDADE DA ULTRASSONOGRÁFIA COMO FERRAMENTA DE AVALIAÇÃO DO TECIDO ADIPOSO ABDOMINAL
El aumento de la demanda de estrategias diagnósticas prácticas, accesibles y clínicamente relevantes en la evaluación de la adiposidad visceral ha impulsado el uso de métodos alternativos para evaluar la composición corporal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la reproducibilidad intra e interevaluadores de la ecografía USG en la estimación del tejido adiposo abdominal, en sus compartimentos visceral (TAV) y subcutáneo (TAS). Se trata de un estudio metodológico, realizado entre 2020 y 2021, con individuos adultos, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 59 años, de ambos sexos. El TAV y el TAS fueron evaluados por USG a través de una exploración de la región abdominal en tres sitios anatómicos abdominales. La evaluación de la reproducibilidad de las mediciones de USG mostró un alto acuerdo intra e interevaluador con Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI) en el rango de concordancia excelente (? 0,971), confirmado por los gráficos de Bland-Altman, y simetría adecuada entre las mediciones evidenciadas por la línea de regresión lineal. El presente estudio confirma la alta reproducibilidad de USG en la estimación de la adiposidad visceral, un importante predictor de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico.
Relação entre atividade física insuficiente, tabagismo, alimentação inadequada e consumo de álcool em universitários de Minas Gerais, Brasil
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as combinações entre atividades físicas insuficientes, fumar, consumo alimentar e de álcool inadequados, e as características sociodemográficas e de vínculo com a universidade associadas as agregações em universitários de uma instituição de ensino superior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Este é um estudo transversal que foi realizado com universitários dos cursos de graduação presenciais de uma instituição federal. Os comportamentos de risco (prática de atividades físicas insuficientes, fumar, consumo irregular de frutas/hortaliças e álcool) foram classificados em 16 combinações e analisadas as razões entre as prevalências observadas e esperadas. O desfecho foram as agregações dos fatores de risco à saúde que excederam as prevalências esperadas. A medida de associação foram as razões de prevalências (RP), estimadas via regressão de Poisson, nas análises brutas e ajustadas. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Participaram deste estudo 1.110 universitários. Das 16 combinações, duas excederam valores acima do esperado, referente a ausência e a presença de todos os fatores de risco comportamentais. Foram associados com maiores chances da ausência dos fatores de risco os estudantes da área da saúde (RP: 2,07; IC95%: 1,43–2,99) e com menores chances da ausência os estudantes do período de diurno (RP: 0,63; IC95%: 0,43-0,96). Houve elevadas prevalências acima do esperado para as combinações referentes a ausência e a presença dos fatores comportamentais estudados, associando-se com maior ocorrência para a ausência, os estudantes das Ciências da Saúde e com menores chances os universitários do período de estudo diurno.
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano
Monitoramento das cargas de treinamento em nadador de velocidade de elite: relato de caso
Este estudo explorou a relação entre as cargas internas de treinamento semanais (ITL) e a percepção de recuperação e desempenho de um nadador de velocidade de elite ao longo de um plano de treinamento periodizado de 10 semanas, integrando respostas hormonais e imunológicas. ITL, recuperação percebida, cortisol salivar, testosterona salivar e concentrações de SIgA foram quantificados. Testes de habilidade de natação em sprints repetidos foram realizados nas semanas 1 e 5. Os resultados revelaram que à medida que o ITL aumentava, os escores de recuperação percebida diminuíam (r = -0,61). Maior ITL nas semanas iniciais (1, 2 e 3; ~4000 UA) correlacionou-se com concentrações elevadas de cortisol salivar (∆% = linha de base até a semana 3 = +65%) e uma diminuição da relação testosterona:Cortisol (∆%=linha de base- até a semana 3=-46,3%). Um declínio na concentração de SIgA (164,6 mg·L-1, ∆% do valor basal até a semana 7=-34,5%) após uma competição preparatória precedeu o início de uma infecção do trato respiratório superior (ITRS). A capacidade de sprints repetidos aumentou 6,2% (semana 1 a 5), e o plano de treinamento de 10 semanas resultou em um tempo de estilo livre de 50 m mais rápido (semana 1 = 22,52 s vs. competição alvo = 21,84 s, ∆% = -3,0%). Em conclusão, o estudo descobriu que a melhoria do desempenho ocorreu após o plano de treino periodizado de 10 semanas, com ITL semanal correlacionando-se com o estado de recuperação e respostas imunoendócrinas. A detecção de diminuição de SIgA pós-competição precedeu a ocorrência de ITRS.
Preferências de funcionalidades de aplicativos de smartphone para monitorar a atividade física em adultos brasileiros assintomáticos de acordo com o risco cardiovascular
Analisar as preferências de funcionalidades dos aplicativos de smartphones é essencial, especialmente entre indivíduos com alto risco cardiovascular (RCV) que se beneficiam principalmente do aumento da atividade física regular. Nosso objetivo foi identificar preferências de funcionalidades de aplicativos de smartphones para monitorar atividade física em adultos brasileiros assintomáticos estratificados de acordo com o RCV. Realizamos um estudo transversal com 238 adultos assintomáticos. Avaliamos as preferências de funcionalidades por meio de uma pesquisa baseada nos seguintes temas: Pessoal/individualizado, Treinamento, Desempenho, Aspecto Social, Feedback, Motivação, Sugestões e Outros. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o RCV autorreferido (RCV baixo, ≤ 2, e RCV moderado a alto, > 2 fatores de risco) e comparados pelo teste x2. O grupo de CVR moderado a alto considerou “desenvolver um cronograma/programa de treinamento” e “salvar e revisar estatísticas de treinamento” menos críticos do que a navegação por áudio e o recebimento de mensagens de incentivo e motivacionais. Embora relatado por ambos os grupos, “monitorar a própria progressão” é mais importante para RCV baixo. A funcionalidade “competir com amigos” foi menos relatada do que “fazer parte de uma comunidade/grupo” para ambos os grupos. Por fim, compreender as preferências de funcionalidades permite aprimorar os aplicativos de smartphones para se tornarem mais atrativos para sujeitos com condições crônicas.
Thatiane Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin
¿La práctica de deportes en silla de ruedas puede influir en la composición corporal de las personas con lesión medular?
The present study aimed to compare muscle mass and fat mass estimates between people with spinal cord injuries and their peers who participate in wheelchair sports. Thirty-six participants were divided into four groups: untrained paraplegics (UnP, N=7), wheelchair basketball players (WB, N=11), untrained quadriplegics (UnQ, N=8), and quadriplegic wheelchair rugby players (WR, N=10). Muscle mass and fat mass were assessed using anthropometric methods, measuring total muscle mass (MMTo, kg), leg muscle mass (MML, kg), trunk muscle mass (MMT, kg), arm muscle area (AMA, cm²), upper limb fat mass (ULFM, %), lower limb fat mass (LLF, %), axial fat mass (MAx, %), appendicular fat mass (MApp, %), and total fat percentage (%F). Regarding muscle mass, the UnP group exhibited higher values compared to the WB group (AMA: 85.60±19.53 vs. 78.81±23.10; MML: 13.16±0.72 vs. 12.26±1.06; MMT: 25.06±1.67 vs. 22.97±2.47; MMTo: 52.86±10.85 vs. 46.01±3.38). For fat mass, the UnP group showed higher %F, ULFM, LLF, and MApp compared to the WB group (21.38±5.55 vs. 16.66±3.57; 28.43±10.33 vs. 18.97±6.57; 27.68±3.88 vs. 25.64±4.81; and 43.47±4.58 vs. 38.78±5.19, respectively) and lower MAx (44.45±5.38 vs. 49.00±4.05). Among quadriplegic participants, the UnQ group had lower muscle mass values compared to the WR group (AMA: 49.91±13.78 vs. 51.58±12.97; MML: 12.12±0.98 vs. 12.73±1.35; MMT: 22.63±2.29 vs. 24.07±3.16; MMTo: 45.55±3.14 vs. 47.52±4.33). Regarding fat mass, the UnQ group had higher %F, ULFM, LLF, and MApp compared to the WR group (22.60±7.68 vs. 18.51±6.53; 25.38±11.73 vs. 21.90±8.92; 30.13±6.78 vs. 23.57±4.27; and 44.56±6.02 vs. 38.30±4.34, respectively) and lower MAx (44.62±6.33 vs. 49.92±2.91). In conclusion, participating in wheelchair sports can lead to beneficial changes in body composition among people with spinal cord injuries.
Police officers with higher aerobic fitness exhibit less pressor hyperresponsiveness to mental stress
Higher aerobic fitness has been associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress. However, this relationship remains underexplored in professionals exposed to high levels of stressors. This study evaluated whether police with higher aerobic fitness exhibited lower blood pressure (BP) reactivity to mental stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 41 police officers divided into lower (n = 21) and higher aerobic fitness groups (n = 20), based on median peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak). Police officers were subjected to the Stroop Color and Word Test, with BP and heart rate (HR) measured at rest and during the stress condition. Cardiovascular reactivity was determined by the peak delta (Δ) of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and HR. Police officers were classified as hyperresponders based on the 75th percentile of these deltas. Police with higher aerobic fitness did not show lower SBP (↑VO₂peak: 19 ± 8 mmHg vs. ↓VO₂peak: 19 ± 11, p = 0.836), DBP (13 ± 5 vs. 15 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.276), or HR (12 ± 8 vs. 8 ± 7 bpm, p = 0.102) reactivity. However, they exhibited less hyperresponsiveness for SBP (2 [18.2%] vs 9 [81.8%], p = 0.018) and DBP (2 [20%] vs 8 [80%], p = 0.036), with no difference for HR (7 [70%] vs 3 [30%], p = 0.123). In summary, police officers with higher aerobic fitness did not exhibit lower average pressor reactivity to mental stress, but they showed less hyperresponsiveness.
El estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes em el norte pioneiro del Paraná: um estúdio transversal com 4.796 estudiantes escolares
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes en tres ciudades de la región Pioneiro Norte de Paraná. El estudio comprendió 4.796 alumnos matriculados en escuelas municipales. Se utilizó el software AnthroPlus de la OMS, indicadores de crecimiento: peso para la edad (W/A), talla para la edad (H/A) e índice de masa corporal para la edad (IMC/A). Luego clasificados: obeso +3, sobrepeso +2, riesgo de sobrepeso +1, eutrófico -1 a 0, desnutrido -2, desnutrido severo -3. También se obtuvieron curvas de crecimiento proporcionadas por el mismo software. El análisis de los resultados mostró que el 18% de los estudiantes presentaba sobrepeso, el 41% en riesgo de sobrepeso, por lo tanto se observó el 59% del porcentaje total de sobrepeso y solo el 25% de individuos eutróficos, un porcentaje significativo para desnutrición infantil del 16%. . En cuanto a las curvas de crecimiento individual proporcionadas por el software, todos los niños obesos mostraron el mismo patrón, resultando (+3) para todos los indicadores y (-3) en desnutrición. En conclusión, cuando aumenta la talla, el (IMC/A) también aumenta, siguiendo el estado nutricional correspondiente, como: sobrepeso y desnutrición, aun cuando el niño crece, permanece obeso o desnutrido en comparación con el porcentaje y las curvas. El porcentaje total de sobrepeso fue del 59% y solo el 25% fueron eutróficos, un nivel muy bajo en comparación con el sobrepeso, lo que lo convierte en una variable preocupante, además del aumento significativo del 16% en la desnutrición infantil.
Transcultural validation of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL-2) in Brazilian schoolchildren: a pilot study
The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaires of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy – second edition (CAPL-2) to Brazilian Portuguese, and to evaluate their semantic, conceptual, and cultural equivalence in a school-aged population. A cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted following internationally accepted guidelines. The process involved forward translation, expert consensus, back-translation, expert panel validation, and pilot testing. A panel of six experts evaluated the adapted questionnaires in terms of clarity, theoretical relevance, and practical applicability. The pilot phase included 25 Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years. Statistical analyses included descriptive measures and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The expert panel showed a high level of agreement across dimensions, with low variability (CV = 1.6% for practical applicability). Qualitative suggestions led to linguistic and cultural refinements in the final version. In the pilot study, 96% of participants found the questionnaire easy to complete and 92% reported full understanding. In the motivation and confidence domain, 76% of children were classified as “excelling” and 24% as “achieving.” The knowledge and understanding domain showed greater variability, with 24% of participants classified as “excelling,” 32% as “achieving,” 36% as “progressing,” and 8% as “beginning”. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the CAPL-2 questionnaires demonstrates strong acceptability, cultural relevance, and potential for use in educational and public health contexts. These findings support the instrument's continued validation and implementation in Brazil.
Family Health Strategy: Physical fitness from the city of Minas Gerais
The present study evaluated the level of physical activity and physical fitness of users of Family Health Strategy programs in the city of Divinópolis-Minas Gerais, which does not have Physical Education professionals. The 390 users of Family Health Strategy programs participated (145 men and 245 women), aged between 18 and 60 years. They were evaluated regarding their level of physical activity and health aspects, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and physical fitness tests: flexibility (sitting and reaching), muscular resistance (abdominal and arm flexion), and cardiorespiratory fitness. Of the participants, 71% practiced physical activity, good flexibility levels, and muscular strength resistance but had low cardiorespiratory fitness. Regarding body composition, men had a higher fat-free mass and lower body fat compared to women. Besides, 25% are classified as obese, 46% have chronic diseases, 29% are sedentary or irregularly active, 63% have already received instructions to perform physical exercise at health centers, and 99% understand the importance and need for Physical Education Professional in programs. Users practice physical activity but have low cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition due to a lack of targeted physical exercise. Although users receive guidance on practicing physical activity, they understand the need for the presence of a Physical Education professional in programs to perform physical exercise.
Epidemiologia de lesões em praticantes de treinamento resistido - um estudo prospectivo
Introducción: El entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) se ha vuelto cada vez más popular en las últimas décadas, desempeñando un papel importante en la reducción del riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas relacionadas con el desequilibrio muscular, que se expresa como una relación entre músculos agonistas y antagonistas, como los flexores y extensores de la rodilla. El programa de entrenamiento es crucial para reducir el riesgo individual de lesión muscular al corregir los desequilibrios existentes mediante ejercicios de resistencia. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia, incidencia y tasa de incidencia de lesiones en practicantes de entrenamiento de resistencia. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de seis meses de duración, desarrollado desde febrero de 2018 hasta agosto de 2018 mediante cuestionario. Resultados: Se observó una prevalencia del 59,6% de lesiones entre los participantes, incidencia del 25%, resultando una tasa de incidencia de 0,24 cada seis meses o 1,07 cada 500 horas de entrenamiento. Conclusión: El presente estudio permitió identificar los valores de prevalencia, incidencia y tasa de incidencia, que son elevados, al ser similares a los de los atletas de halterofilia olímpica. Los métodos de diagnóstico, tratamientos y uso de medicamentos estuvieron en línea con la evidencia de la literatura.
Rate of perceived exertion and affectivity in body weight exercises in trained elderly people with cardiometabolic risk factors
One of the strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of the aging process is bodyweight exercise. However, gaps remain regarding the appropriate progression and intensity, particularly in older adults with cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and affectivity associated with bodyweight exercise in older adults with cardiometabolic risk factors, considering different levels of complexity. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The RPE was assessed using the OMNI-Res scale, and affectivity was measured using the Hardy and Rejeski scale. Multi-joint exercises (squatt, push up, pull up) were performed using only body weight and categorized into hypothetical intensities (easy, moderate, and difficult) based on complexity adjustments. No significant difference in RPE was found for squatt (p=0.261) and push up (p=0.063). However, a significant increase in RPE was observed for the pull up exercise (p=0.001) between the easy and difficult, as well as the moderate and difficult complexities. No difference in affectivity was observed for the squatt exercise (p=0.008). In the push up exercise, a significant difference in affectivity was found between the easy and difficult complexities (p=0.004), while in the pull up exercise, differences were observed between the easy and difficult, as well as the moderate and difficult complexities (p=0.003). Modifying the complexity of squatt and push up exercises in trained older adults with cardiometabolic risk factors did not result in differences in perceived intensity. However, performing pull up exercises using the TRX may be an interesting alternative for intensity progression.
Influencia del apoyo familiar, la edad y la composición corporal en la percepción del síndrome de burnout en futbolistas jóvenes
Este estudio analizó nueve factores asociados al burnout en futbolistas sub-20: edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), años de práctica deportiva, frecuencia de entrenamiento semanal, duración del entrenamiento, distancia de la residencia familiar, número de visitas familiares al año, convivencia con familiares y dependencia económica del salario del deportista. La muestra incluyó a 251 deportistas varones de cinco equipos de primera división del campeonato. Los datos se recogieron mediante un formulario estructurado y el burnout se evaluó mediante el Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), que mide el agotamiento físico y emocional (PEE), la reducción de la sensación de logro deportivo (RSAA) y la devaluación deportiva (SD). La edad mostró una asociación negativa con el PEE (β = -0,919; p = 0,001), lo que indica menores niveles de agotamiento en deportistas de mayor edad. El IMC se asoció positivamente con el PEE (β = 1,025; p = 0,023), lo que sugiere un mayor agotamiento en deportistas con mayor IMC. La convivencia familiar se asoció positivamente con la DS (β = 1,161; p = 0,005) y el burnout total (β = 1,068; p = 0,025), lo que indica que los deportistas fuera del entorno familiar tienden a percibir el deporte de forma más negativa y tienen mayor riesgo de burnout. Por tanto, el apoyo familiar y psicológico, junto con el manejo nutricional, son esenciales para el equilibrio emocional y físico de los deportistas, ya que previenen las percepciones vinculadas al síndrome de burnout, fortalecen la gestión emocional y contribuyen a promover un mejor rendimiento deportivo y la longevidad profesional.
Agreement between anthropometric indicators in the identification of high adiposity in schoolchildren
The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between the use of body mass index (BMI), the conicity index (CI), the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat percentage (%BF), estimated via the Deurenberg equation, in the diagnosis of excess adiposity in schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study took place in 2023, with an anthropometric assessment of 1,459 kindergarten and elementary school students from municipal schools and municipal early childhood education centers in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Anthropometric diagnoses obtained through BMI, CI, WHtR, and %BF were compared to verify possible agreement between them according to sex and age group. For this analysis, Cohen's kappa and Fleiss tests were applied. A p value less than 5% was considered significant. Excess adiposity was identified in 9.5% of the schoolchildren by BMI, in 11.7% by WHtR, in 16.7% by CI, and in 20% by %BF. Regardless of sex, the WHtR showed moderate agreement with BMI (Cohen's kappa: 0.426 for girls and 0.425 for boys; p value <0.001) and with %BF (kappa: 0.515 for girls and 0.494 for boys; p value <0.001). WHtR, regardless of age, showed moderate agreement with %BF (<6 years - Cohen's kappa= 0.527, ≥6 years - 0.502; p value <0.001) and weak agreement with CI and BMI among those under six years of age. However, it was strongly correlated with BMI among schoolchildren ≥6 years (Kappa: 0.619; p value <0.001). The results of this study show that the WHR, regardless of sex and age over six, showed moderate agreement with BMI and %BF different from the CI; thus, it can be an option for use in studies in which the aim is to evaluate adiposity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Comparation of specific equation of fat percentage in Brazilian military women with bioimpedance and infrared interactance methods
In Brazil, the beginning of the 21st century has seen the expansion of work groups that focus their academic and professional activities on the analysis of body composition. This study aimed to: Compare the values estimated by the specific equation developed, with the values obtained by the methods of Bioimpedance - BIA (tetrapolar MALTRON 900), Infrared Interactance - NIR (FUTREX 5000 A/ZL) and Hydrostatic Weighing (like Gold Stand). Study is characterized as correlational descriptive research. In the sample, 16 women were used, with an average age of 31.6 (+ 6.4), weight (MCT) of 59.6 (+ 7.8), height of 165.60 (+ 5.6), BIA (tetrapolar MALTRON 900) DE 24.5 (+ 5.6), NIR (FUTREX 5000 A/ZL) 22.3 (+ 5.0) and Hydrostatic Weighing 22.2 (+ 5.7). In the statistical treatment, Student's t-test, paired method and Pearson's Correlation Method were used. The regression model used in this comparison was % F = 0.334 x P. ABD. + 0.315x DC. BICEPS + 0.246 x DC. THIGH – 2.543 x D. BIEST. With EPE (Standard Estimate Error) of 2.7, r (Correlation Index) of 0.99 and R2 (Coefficient of Determination) of 0.99. Comparing the model with the BIA method (tetrapolar MALTRON 900), an r = 0.8 and R2 = 0.7 was obtained, while comparing with the NIR (FUTREX 5000 A/ZL), an r = 0.6 was obtained and R2 = 0.4. It is concluded that, the results seen together, determine that the model presents a greater degree of significance with the BIA method than with the NIR.
Climbing-specific fitness profile predicts performance in recreational climbers
Climbing performance is closely associated with finger flexor strength and endurance. Given the growing popularity of climbing, providing coaches with reliable reference values is essential for optimizing training prescriptions for recreational climbers. This study evaluated the isometric strength and endurance of finger flexors in recreational climbers of different ability levels and investigated their relationship with climbing performance. A total of 126 male participants (30 non-climbers, 30 low-grade, 36 intermediate, and 30 advanced) were assessed according to the IRCRA scale. Measurements included maximum hanging time on a 25 mm ledge, hand grip strength, pinch strength, and body composition. Maximum hanging time showed significant differences between groups and a strong correlation with climbing performance (r = 0.72), as did climbing experience (r = 0.70). Relative handgrip and pinch strength (normalized to body mass) showed moderate correlations with sport climbing (r = 0.41) and bouldering (r = 0.48). Maximum hanging time emerged as a robust objective marker for distinguishing ability levels and monitoring finger flexor adaptations in recreational climbers.
Efetividade de um programa de treinamento multicomponente nos sintomas depressivos em idosos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família
A prática de atividade física regular pode ser capaz de agir na prevenção e redução de sintomas depressivos em idosos. Nesse sentido, faz-se importante adotar estratégias que favoreçam um estilo de vida mais ativo para a prevenção e controle de morbidades psíquicas na população idosa. Portanto, nosso objetivo é avaliar a efetividade de um programa de treinamento multicomponente nos sintomas depressivos de idosos fisicamente independentes. Trata-se de uma intervenção do tipo comunitária realizada em unidades de saúde da família, com 26 idosos de ambos os sexos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos, um de programa de treinamento multicomponente (G1; n=11) e o grupo controle (G2; n=15). O G1 foi composto por 16 sessões, realizadas 2 vezes por semana, durante o período total de 8 semanas. No G2 ocorreram 4 encontros de educação em saúde. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados pela Escala Geriátrica de Depressão (GDS-15). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Para comparar os grupos, o tempo (pré e pós) e a interação entre grupos e tempo, foi utilizado o ANOVA de medidas repetidas e a magnitude do efeito das diferenças entre as variáveis foi realizada através do Eta parcial generalizado (η²G). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas com relação aos sintomas depressivos e nível de atividade física entre os grupos, tempo e a interação entre grupos e tempo. Pode-se concluir que o treinamento multicomponente, apesar de reduzir a média dos sintomas, não foi capaz de reduzir significativamente os sintomas depressivos dos idosos.
Validation of equation based on repetitions to failure to adjust the training load in women undergoing resistance training
The objective of this study was to analyze the validation of the equation based on repetitions to failure for training load adjustment in middle-aged women undergoing resistance training (RT). Ten women (35.5 ± years, 67.8 ± 11.6 kg, 165.9 ± 4.5 cm, 24.5 ± 3.8 m/kg2) with previous experience in RT of at least one year were selected to participate in this research. The participants performed two resistance exercise sessions, separated by intervals of at least 48 h. In the first session, the participants completed the maximum repetition test to determine the load for the following session. The equation based on repetitions to failure aimed to adjust the load for 8-12 RM load was applied. The second session was conducted with the load adjusted according to the equation, in which the participants performed three sets to failure. The eight exercises tested showed averages within the 8-12 RM repetition zone. Leg press 45o = 11.3 (8.8-13.6), seated row = 11.3 (8.9-13.7), knee extension = 9.3 (8.5-10.0), bench press = 9, 2 (8.2-10.1), leg curl = 7.5 (6.5-8.4), lat pulldown = 8.6 (7.4-9.8), standing calf raise = 13.6 (11.3 -15.9), and triceps pushdown = 11.6 (9.8-13.3). Results suggest that the equation based on repetitions to failure is a valid strategy for adjusting the training load intensity in resistance exercises in women with previous experience in RT.
Reproducibility of the Senior Fitness test and handgrip strength in older adults
Reproducibility is defined as the ability to achieve similar results (agreement) when a study or test is repeated using the same protocol and under similar conditions. It is a critical aspect of research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the Senior Fitness Test and handgrip strength assessments in older adults. The sample consisted of 72 untrained older adults (16 men and 56 women). All tests and retests were conducted by experienced and trained evaluators. The tests were performed in the following order: chair stand, biceps curl, sit and reach, timed up and go (TUG), back scratch, handgrip strength, and the six-minute walk test, in accordance with the Senior Fitness Test protocol. An adjustable handgrip dynamometer was used to assess handgrip strength. The test chair sit and reach, TUG, handgrip strength, and back scratch demonstrated an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) classified as excellent (>0.9). The chair stand, six-minute walk test, and biceps curl tests showed ICCs classified as good, moderate, and low, respectively (0.76, 0.72, 0.51). In conclusion, the reproducibility of handgrip strength, sit-and-reach, back scratch, and TUG were classified as excellent. On the other hand, the chair stand, biceps curl, and six-minute walk tests had ICCs below 0.77, indicating the need for retesting.
Injury prevention and performance in basketball officiating: perceptions, practices, and challenges in physical preparation
Basketball referees face challenges in physical preparation, particularly in injury prevention and performance optimization. This study mapped the perceptions, practices, and difficulties faced by these professionals, considering age differences, experience, and adopted strategies. The results indicate that younger referees engage in higher-intensity training, while more experienced ones prioritize maintaining conditioning. Game overload, insufficient recovery, and the lack of specialized support increase vulnerability to musculoskeletal injuries, compromising career longevity in refereeing. Adherence to preventive programs varies, with a lack of standardization in the strategies used. Therefore, implementing a systematic support system, including continuing education, physiotherapy monitoring, and periodization strategies, is essential to mitigate risks and ensure greater sustainability in refereeing careers.
Resilience, stress and recovery among paralympics athletes during pre-competitive phase
This study investigated whether the level of resilience of Paralympic athletics athletes in a pre-competitive period was impacted by sociodemographic and stress variables. 107 Paralympic athletics athletes (92 men and 15 women) with a mean age of 32.25 ± 12.80 years participated in a regional championship. The instruments used were the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Sport Stress and Recovery Questionnaire (RESTQ-76 Sport). Data were analyzed using cluster analysis, chi-square test and multivariate analysis of variance (p <.05). The results revealed that there was no difference between the sociodemographic and stress variables in relation to the resilience profile. Compared with the low resilience cluster, the high resilience Paralympic athletics athletes had higher scores for the global recovery score (p=.023). It was concluded that sociodemographic and stress variables do not seem to be intervening factors for the level of resilience, but resilience seems to be an intervening factor for the recovery of Paralympic athletics athletes in the pre-competitive period.
José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Júnior
Analysis of the effect of fatigue in fencing using reaction time lights
This study aims to investigate the increase in reaction times in fencers and its relationship with physical and mental fatigue. Changes in heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SO₂) were used as indicators of physical fatigue, while variations in reaction time to light-based reactive tasks were employed to assess both physical and mental fatigue, measured after warm-up and post-training. A group of 48 fencers performed a 10-minute warm-up followed by a 15-point bout, simulating a regular competition. ANOVA and Friedman tests were conducted to identify statistically significant differences in reaction times for different reactive tasks: Simple Reaction time (SRT), Elective reaction time (ERT), Go-non-Go task (G/NG), and decision making tasks (DM4), including lunge (DML), break (DMB) and march (DMM) tasks, under three distinct conditions based on different fatigue levels: at rest (R), after warm-up (WU), and post training (PT). It was found that most reaction times that were studied were significantly higher in the PT than at R (SRT1PT-R = 70 ms, ERT2pT-R = 58 ms, G/NG3pT-R = 64ms, DM4pT-R = 125 ms, DML4 PT-R = 125 ms , DMM4 PT-R = 130ms ), suggesting a considerable impact of physical activity and fatigue on these exercises, negatively affecting the speed and accuracy of responses. These findings highlight that fatigue plays a critical role in sports like fencing, where the ability to make quick and accurate decisions is essential, and underline the importance of efficiently managing physical and mental fatigue to optimize performance in competitive situations.
Socioeconomic factors, rurality, and their impact on academic and physical performance in Chilean students
This cross-sectional study analyzed the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES, rurality, and both academic achievement (reading, mathematics, science grades) and physical fitness metrics (BMI, waist circumference, SRT phases, VO₂max, flexibility, standing long jump, and arm flexion) in 11,981 eighth-grade students (50% female, mean age 14.51 ± 1.00) from the 2013 Chilean National Physical Education Survey (SIMCE). Linear transformation converted academic scores to the 1–7 Chilean grade scale. Pearson correlations and ANOVA tests (with Bonferroni post-hoc) were performed using Python. Strong positive correlations were found between SES and academic grades (r = 0.56–0.70, p < 0.01), whereas rurality was negatively correlated with math and science performance (p < 0.05). Physical performance showed minimal correlation with SES or rurality, but notable gender differences emerged, particularly in flexibility and jump tests. These findings underscore the role of SES in academic success, while rurality has a subtler effect. Physical performance disparities are better explained by biological sex than social factors. We advocate for equity-focused educational and physical fitness interventions, especially in rural and low-SES populations. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore causal pathways and optimize resource allocation in schools.
Hand-held dynamometry to safely measure muscle strength in patients in intensive care
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) has been increasingly studied and associated with prognostic factors of negative outcomes during the hospitalization of critically ill patients. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the muscle strength of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with accurate quantitative tools, such as the hand-held dynamometer (HHD), which directly measures the strength of large muscle groups, providing earlier and more accurate decision making. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of using HHD to measure the strength of large muscle groups in ICU patients, in addition to determining the prevalence of muscle imbalance in these patients, and correlating HHD measures with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. A cross-sectional study was conducted, inferring the impact of strength measurement of the main muscle groups using HHD on vital signs, dyspnea, and pain. The occurrence of adverse events during the evaluation was also observed. Safety was assessed using the paired t-test, calculating the prevalence of muscle imbalance in the sample and Pearson’s correlation between the strength measurement instruments. The sample consisted of 46 volunteers, and no clinically significant variability was observed for pre- and post-safety variables. A high prevalence of muscle imbalance was found in the sample, and there was a strong correlation between HHD and MRC. Strength measurement using HHD in the ICU is safe and well-tolerated, providing information on the individual condition of large muscle groups and improving the ability to diagnose muscle imbalance in the ICU patients.
Balbino Rivail Ventura Nepomuceno Júnior
Efeitos de um Contrarrelógio de Ciclismo com Estratégia de Prova Auto-Selecionada na Função Muscular e no DNA circulante no Plasma em Atletas Masters
O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a estratégia de prova (EP) auto selecionada por atletas master em um simulado contrarrelógio de ciclismo de 20 km (CR20km), e avaliar a funcionalidade muscular e ácidos nucleicos circulantes fora de células. Oito ciclistas (idade: 42,00 ± 5,35 anos) participaram do estudo. Foram coletadas a frequência cardíaca (FC), o sangue venoso, medidas antropométricas e marcadores de funcionalidade muscular (salto vertical, dor muscular, circunferência da coxa e amplitude de movimento) em repouso. Na sessão de CR20km, cada ciclista completou um aquecimento individual com uma EP auto selecionada por 10 minutos. Após isso, CR20km foi realizado no menor tempo possível usando sua EP. Durante todo o teste, foram medidas a FC, a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), o tempo, a velocidade, a cadência e a potência. O sangue venoso foi novamente coletado imediatamente e 30 minutos após o CR20km para análise de Ácidos Nucleicos circulantes fora de células (cfDNA). Os marcadores de funcionalidade muscular (FM) foram reavaliados 30 minutos após o exercício. Os resultados da curva de potência-duração mostraram que os ciclistas auto selecionaram uma EP parabólico (formato de U) acompanhada por altas cadências (> 90 rpm). A PSE e a FC aumentaram linearmente. O cfDNA, o salto vertical e circunferência da coxa não apresentaram diferenças significativas 30 minutos após o CR20km (p > 0,05). Concluiu-se, que adotar uma EP parabólica com cadências elevadas, pode ser uma ótima estratégia para melhorar o desempenho em provas de CR20km, uma vez que não prejudicou a função muscular.
Precisão da medida do perímetro cefálico: análise por diferentes fitas métricas
Objetivou-se determinar a precisão de fitas métricas e de medidas de PC. Foram analisadas quatro fitas comerciais disponíveis no mercado. A pesquisa incluiu análise técnica em laboratório e aplicação prática em um boneco didático, utilizando quatro modelos de fitas métricas. No laboratório, cada fita foi medida dez vezes em dois intervalos com um paquímetro digital calibrado. Calculou-se o erro técnico de medição (ETM) absoluto e relativo, considerando desvios entre as medições e o valor verdadeiro. A fita 3 apresentou o maior ETM, enquanto a fita 4 destacou-se pela maior precisão. Na aplicação prática, 25 estudantes participaram de uma oficina de capacitação. Cada participante realizou três medições para cada fita, comparadas às medidas de um avaliador padrão. As fitas 2 e 4 apresentaram melhores resultados de precisão, enquanto as fitas 1 e 3 tiveram maior ETM. Quanto à usabilidade, a fita 3 foi considerada a mais difícil de manusear, enquanto as fitas 1 e 4 foram mais práticas, apesar de a fita 1 ser considerada longa e a fita 3 apresentar dificuldades no encaixe. A padronização das fitas métricas e das técnicas de aferição é essencial para garantir medidas acuradas e consistentes. Recomenda-se o uso de fitas de material não extensível e respeito ao tempo de uso. A qualificação constante dos profissionais é fundamental para o acompanhamento multiprofissional, garantindo a precisão das medidas e a utilização eficaz da Caderneta da Criança no monitoramento do crescimento infantil.
Balance perception as a potential tool for screening imbalance in the Timed Up and Go test among cognitively impaired older adults
Imbalance is a common complaint in cognitively impaired older adults. It is unknown whether cognitive impairment (CI) affects the validity and interpretability of balance perception in this population when standing up and walking. Investigate the validity of imbalance perception to screen performance limitations in the task proposed in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in older adults with CI. Cross-sectional study with data on older people assessed in 2019-2020 at a specialized geriatric care service. Participants were 136 older adults with CI identified by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). They were questioned about imbalance perception (test index) and submitted to the TUG test (reference standard; cutoff point>20 seconds). The answers given were confirmed with the caregiver. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and the positive (VPP) and negative predictive values (VPN) were estimated, and the agreement percentage was calculated (Cohen’s Kappa test). Of the 136 individuals studied, 60.3% reported imbalance in the TUG and 25.3% exhibited it during the test. Validity estimates showed high sensitivity and NPV values (SE=85.7%, SP=48.5%, PPV=36.6%, NPV=90.7%). Agreement between the two tools in the overall sample was 58.1%. Despite the low agreement between instruments, perceived imbalance showed low false-negative percentages, indicating that it could be a potential tool for screening limitations in the TUG, favoring the identification of individuals at risk of imbalance among older adults with CI.
Incidence and trajectory of ideal cardiovascular health markers in workers
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. Risk factors for these diseases have a high prevalence in the global population. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and trajectory of risk factors associated with Ideal Cardiovascular Health in workers. This retrospective study followed 417 employees from a teaching hospital. Sociodemographic interviews and assessments of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, and lipid profile were conducted at three time points: 2012, 2014, and 2016. A discrete mixture modeling was used to determine the trajectories of cardiovascular risk over a five-year follow-up period. A high prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors were found. The cardiovascular risk trajectories identified by the model showed a stable pattern and were associated with Ideal Cardiovascular Health, with unfavorable trajectories increasing the risk of Inadequate Cardiovascular Health. The assessments revealed a high prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors. The trajectory model demonstrated stable variables associated with Inadequate Cardiovascular Health, highlighting the need for investigations into lifestyle and the trajectory of risk factors associated with Ideal Cardiovascular Health.
Qualidade do sono e dor após diferentes tipos de exercício aeróbico agudo
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da corrida contínua e da corrida intervalada no perfil de sono de jovens saudáveis do sexo masculino. Foram recrutados 12 universitários, jovens e saudáveis. Inicialmente, foram submetidos a uma avaliação antropométrica e responderam uma bateria de questionários para traçar o perfil psicobiológico (Escala de sonolência excessiva de Epworth, Índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh, mini questionário do sono, IDATE-traço, Índice de gravidade de insônia e IPAQ). Após avaliação inicial, os voluntários foram submetidos a três situações: Basal (sem exercício), Corrida Contínua (30 minutos, 12-14 na Escala de Borg) e Corrida Intervalada (6 tiros de 2,5 min x 2.5 min, 15-17 na Escala de Borg). Nas três condições, eles responderam 4 questionários na manhã seguinte ao acordar: diário do sono, IDATE-estado, Escala analógica visual de dor e Escala de qualidade total de recuperação. Foram encontrados resultados significativos ao analisar a Escala de qualidade total de recuperação em ambas as corridas indicando os voluntários não se sentiram completamente recuperados mas, apenas após a corrida contínua, foi observado resultados significativos para nível dor, sensação ao acordar e no diário de sono. Neste estudo, foi confirmada a teoria de restauração do corpo, uma vez que após a realização do exercício mais intenso, os voluntários tiveram um sono mais reparador do que após a corrida contínua. Assim, conclui-se que o exercício intervalado de alta intensidade pode ser utilizado no treinamento para também melhorar a qualidade do sono.
Acute Effects of 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km Runs on Plantar Pressure and Biomechanics in Recreational Runners
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of road running at different distances (5 km, 10 km, and 15 km) on plantar pressure and biomechanical parameters related to the Arch Index (AI) and the Center of Pressure Excursion Index (CPEI) in recreational runners. Thirty-one amateur runners were evaluated using static and dynamic baropodometry before and after training sessions. The analyses included measurements of plantar area, maximum and mean pressure, as well as changes in CPEI and AI. The 15 km run led to significant increases in static plantar area and dynamic pressure, indicating greater foot overload. In contrast, the 10 km run was associated with greater foot pronation, as evidenced by changes in CPEI. Additionally, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced plantar pressure distribution, with men presenting higher dynamic pressure and BMI being related to increased plantar area. Different running distances induce distinct biomechanical changes, underscoring the importance of individualized assessment for safe training prescription and injury prevention strategies.
Muscle creatine kinase as a biomarker of muscle injury in soccer
The measurement of muscle creatine kinase (CKm) activity in the bloodstream has been used as a parameter for prospecting muscle injuries in soccer. This approach is based on the proposition that intense muscular activity is often associated with structural micro-injuries in contractile components of skeletal muscle. Once installed, tissue damage favors inflammatory activity, leading to the process of muscle pain. Strikinly, there is still no correlation between increased CKm in the bloodstream and the occurrence of muscle injuries, further complicating the interpretation of CKm as a reliable biomarker. CKm is a protein with a relatively high molecular weight and is primarily drained by the lymphatic system in a slow kinetic process which is, therefore, drained by the lymphatic system in a slow kinetic process. Once it enters the bloodstream, the enzyme can be rapidly degraded, being difficult to determine the protein's actual values. Therefore, the increase in CKm in the bloodstream of athletes may be a reflection of chronic muscle contraction, the intensity of training/games in the current period, and delayed-onset muscle soreness rather than direct incidence of muscle injury. Finally, there remains a lack of evidence supporting a direct relationship between increased CKm levels and performance indices.
Quando a duração importa: repensando a intensidade no treinamento resistido através do tempo sob tensão
O modelo tradicional de volume × intensidade no treinamento resistido, definido como séries × repetições × carga, não considera a duração do esforço muscular. Essa limitação ignora a importância do Time Under Tension (TUT) — o tempo total em que o músculo permanece ativamente contraído durante o exercício —, que influencia significativamente as adaptações hipertróficas, metabólicas e neuromusculares. Estudos recentes demonstram que a manipulação do tempo de repetição altera padrões de ativação muscular, hipertrofia regional e acúmulo de fadiga, independentemente da carga total. Por exemplo, tempos excêntricos prolongados aumentam o dano muscular e a síntese proteica, enquanto fases concêntricas rápidas podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de potência. Além disso, o TUT é uma estratégia prática para fornecer tensão mecânica suficiente com cargas mais baixas, sendo especialmente útil para idosos, populações clínicas e atletas em fases de recuperação. Apesar de desvios naturais no tempo sob tensão nas últimas repetições — devido à fadiga —, cerca de 70% das repetições costumam ser realizadas com a cadência prescrita, o que reforça a viabilidade do uso do TUT. Este ponto de vista defende a inclusão do TUT nos modelos de quantificação da carga de treino e propõe uma equação revisada: Volume = séries × repetições × carga × tempo por repetição.
Energy expenditure during a pilates exercise session: a systematic review
The aim of the present study was to verify the energy expenditure during a Pilates session under different intervention protocols. A systematic review was carried out, in order to verify the potential of Pilates exercises in meeting the international recommendations of 1,000 kcal/week spent with the practice of physical activity. Searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and LILACS. 931 reports were located and after screening, four studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants was 71 young adults. Energy expenditure in one session ranged from 64.5 ± 10.7 to 213.7 ± 76.4 Kcal. Proportionally, the highest energy expenditure (8.3 kcal/min) occurred in the following condition: Pilates on equipment, performed in 1x10 series/rep, with one minute of rest between exercises. In conclusion, to reach the recommendations of 1,000 kcal/week, Pilates practitioners must train at least three times a week, considering 60-minute sessions, with exercises performed between 10-15 repetitions and intervals of a maximum of one minute between sets.
Efeitos dos análogos do GLP-1 combinado ao exercício físico na massa corporal em indivíduos com obesidade: uma revisão sistemática
Evidências abrangentes que integrem os resultados para avaliar os efeitos combinados do exercício físico e da terapia farmacológica na redução da massa corporal são escassas. Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos dos análogos do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1), especificamente liraglutida e semaglutida, em conjunto com exercícios físicos nas mudanças na massa corporal entre pacientes com obesidade. Esta revisão sistemática da literatura está registrada no PROSPERO (Registro prospectivo internacional de revisões sistemáticas) sob o ID: CRD42023454783. As buscas foram conduzidas entre setembro e outubro de 2023, sem restrição de ano de publicação e idioma, nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline via PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus e Embase. Nove artigos envolvendo 4.236 participantes com obesidade (com ou sem diabetes) foram incluídos. Os participantes, com idade entre 18 e 65 anos e IMC acima de 27 kg/m², foram tratados com liraglutida ou semaglutida. A liraglutida foi aumentada para 3,0 mg e a semaglutida para 2,4 mg. A combinação de liraglutida e exercício levou a uma perda média de peso de 5 kg ao longo de 53 semanas. Doses mais altas de liraglutida e semaglutida reduzem efetivamente a massa corporal total em indivíduos com obesidade. A combinação de análogos de GLP-1 com exercícios físicos melhora esses resultados de perda de peso.