Situação epidemiológica da leptospirose no Brasil e desafios em seu diagnóstico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2021.e82769Resumo
Leptospira interrogans é uma das bactérias causadoras da leptospirose, uma zoonose de ampla distribuição mundial. Atualmente, essa zoonose é considerada uma das que apresenta maiores taxas de morbidade e mortalidade no Brasil (mesmo considerando a Dengue, a maior arbovirose em humanos), com cerca de 3.800 casos humanos por ano documentados. Porém, devido às dificuldades impostas pela ausência de um ensaio de diagnóstico rápido, sensível e que possa ser empregado como teste de rotina para a detecção da leptospirose, essa doença é comumente subnotificada e diagnosticada erroneamente. O teste diagnóstico padrão ouro para a leptospirose é a aglutinação microscópica, o qual apresenta dificuldade de execução e interpretação. Dessa forma, propomos nesta revisão uma visão geral da situação epidemiológica da doença no Brasil, além das contribuições presentes na literatura para o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens diagnósticas. Dentre elas, a análise de polimorfismos de sequências gênicas a qual apresenta potencial para análises filogenéticas, populacionais e de genotipagem de Leptospira spp.
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