The position of India in the capitalist world-economy and the development of the national software industry: the golden cage

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-5230.2021.e76830

Abstract

This article aims to investigate how India's structural position in the capitalist World-Economy has conditioned the development of the national software industry. Through bibliographic review and analysis of economic indicators, we show the relationship between systemic conditions and the development of the Indian software industry. It was identified that India initially made efforts to equate its development in hardware and software with that of central states. However, pressures for economic liberalization and the need to remedy the persistent deficit in the balance of payments have led India to invest in a subordinate insertion in the international software industry.

Author Biographies

Helton Ricardo Ouriques, UFSC

Professor Titular. Departamento e Economia e Relações Internacionais da UFSC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais da UFSC.

Daniela Santos Nunes Rodrigues, UFSC - Doutoranda em Relações Internacionais.

Mestre em Relações Internacionais pela UFS. Doutoranda junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Relações Internacionais da UFSC

References

AHLUWALIA, Montek S. Indias economic reforms. India: The Future of Economic Reform. Oxford University Press: Oxford, United Kingdom, 1995.

ASHER, Vaibhav. IT-BPM industry direct/ indirect employment India FY 2009-2017.

STATISA. 2020 Disponível em: < https://www.statista.com/statistics/320729/india-it-industry-direct-indirect-employment/ >. Acesso em 28 ago 2020.

ARORA, Ashish; ATHREYE, Suma. The Software Industry and India’s Economic Development Information. Economics and Policy, 2002.

ARRIGHI, Giovanni. A ilusão do desenvolvimento. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1997.

BANIK, Arindan; PADOVANI, Fernando. Índia em transformação: o novo crescimento econômico e as perspectivas pós-crises. pt. Revista de Sociologia e Política, Scielo, v. 22, p. 67–93, jun. 2014. Disponível em: < http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/v22n50/06.pdf >.

BARBOSA, Marcel Jaroski. Crescimento econômico da Índia antes e depois das reformas de 1985/1993. 2008. Diss. (Mestrado). Faculdade de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia. Disponível em: < http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3855 >.

CLINGINGSMITH, David; WILLIAMSON, Jeffrey G. Deindustrialization in 18th and 19th century India: Mughal decline, climate shocks and British industrial ascent. Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, v. 45, n. 3, p. 209–234, 2007.

D’COSTA, Anthony P. Export growth and path-dependence: the locking-in of innovations in the software industry. In: INDIA in the global software industry. [S.l.]: Springer, 2004. p. 51–82.

GOI. Government of India. < http://data.gov.in/node/88140/download >. Acesso em: 10 dez 2019.

GOPALAKRISHNAN, Kris S. Indian IT and ITeS journey: Liberalization and beyond. [S.l.: s.n.], 2016. < https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/fNjocJ9cwlGCDqLWt2OjXP/Indian-IT-and-ITeSjourney- Liberalization-and-beyond.html >. Acesso em 22 dez 2019.

IEDI. Indústria 4.0: O programa Make in India e outras iniciativas do governo indiano - Ed. 849. São Paulo - SP, mai. 2018a.

IEDI. Princípios de um Plano para a Indústria 4.0 no Brasil - Ed. 862. São Paulo - SP, jul. 2018b.

KRISHNAN, Rishikesha T. The evolution of a developing country innovation system during economic liberalization: the case of India. The First Globelics Conference, 2003.

NASSIF, André. A economia indiana no período 1950-2004: da estagnação ao crescimento acelerado: lições para o Brasil? [S.l.]: Área de Planejamento, Departamento de Planejamento (DEPLAN), BNDES, 2006. v. 107.

NORTON, Robert. Catalytic Corruption: The Domestic Software Services Boom, 1978-86. In: DOT.COMPRADORS: Crisis and Corruption in the Indian Software Industry(IIPPE). London - UK: Pluto Press, 2012. p. 49–58.

PARTHASARATHI, Ashok; JOSEPH, KJ. Innovation under export orientation. In: INDIA in the Global Software Industry. [S.l.]: Springer, 2004. p. 83–111.

PRATES, Daniela Magalhães; CINTRA, Marcos Antônio Macedo. Índia: a estratégia de desenvolvimentoda independência aos dilemas da primeira década do século XXI. In: TRAJETÓRIAS recentes de desenvolvimento: estudos de experiências internacionais selecionadas. Brasil: IPEA, jun. 2013. p. 397–453.

RBI. Reserve Bank of India. [S.I.s.n], 2019. < https://www.rbi.org.in/ >. Acesso em 19 dez 2019.

ROSELINO, José Eduardo de Salles. A industria de software : o modelo brasileiro em perspectiva comparada. Fev. 2006. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Acesso em: 6 dez. 2019. Disponível em: < http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286219 >.

ROY, Arundhati. Manna from heaven: Satellites, Optic Fibres and the Export Thrust, 1986 2000. In: DOT.COMPRADORS: Crisis and Corruption in the Indian Software Industry (IIPPE). London - UK: Pluto Press, 2012. p. 59–66.

RUVALCABA, Daniel Morales. The Semiperipheral States in the Twenty-first Century: Measuring the Structural Position of Regional Powers and Secondary Regional States. International Studies, v. 57, n. 1, p. 20–50, 2020. Disponível em: < https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881719880769 >.

SARASWATI, Jyoti. Dot.compradors: Crisis and Corruption in the Indian Software Industry (IIPPE). London - UK: Pluto Press, 2012.

SINGH, Ishmeet; KAUR, Navjot. Contribution of information technology in growth of Indian economy. International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, v. 5, n. 6, p. 1–9, jun. 2017. Disponível em: < https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.805859 >.

SO, A.Y.; CHIU, S.W. East Asia and the world economy. California - USA: Sage Publications, 1995. (Sage Library of Social Research).

SOLANKI, Deepak Kumar; SINHA, Kunal. Innovation and Development in Information Technology in India: Specific to Software Industry. Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies, v. 8, n. 2, p. 129–144, out. 2017. Disponível em: < https://tmg.chitkara.edu.in/index.php/tmge/article/view/17 >.

SRIDHARAN, Dr E. India in the Global Software Industry: Innovation, Firm Strategies and Development. In: INDIA in the Global Software Industry. [S.l.]: Springer, 2004. p. 51–82.

STEFANUTO, Giancarlo Nuti. O programa softex e a industria de software no Brasil. Ago. 2004. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Acesso em: 2 dez. 2019. Disponível em: < http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286728 >.

VIEIRA, Maíra Baé Baladão. Relações Brasil-Índia (1991-2006). Editora UFRGS, Porto Alegre - RS, 2009.

VIJAYASRI, GV. The role of information technology (it) industry in India. v. 2. Delhi - India: Abhinav, 2013. p. 54–64.

VIRMANI, Arvind et al. The dynamics of competition: Phasing of domestic and external liberalisation in India. Planning Commission Working Paper, n. 4, 2006.

WALLERSTEIN, Immanuel. Análisis de Sistemas-Mundo: Una Introducción. USA: Duke University Press, 2004. (A John Hope Franklin Center book). Acesso em: 20 jul 2019. Disponível em: < https://sociologiadeldesarrolloi.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/223976110-26842642-immanuel-wallerstein-analisis-de-sistemas-mundo.pdf >.

WALLERSTEIN, Immanuel. The Modern World-System III: The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy, 1730s1840s. 1. ed. USA: University of California Press, 2011. Disponível em: < http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppb70 >.

WALLERSTEIN, Immanuel. The capitalist World-Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Downloads

Published

2021-04-08

Issue

Vol. 36 No. 78 (2021): Geosul

Section

Artigos

License

Licença Creative Commons
Este trabalho está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.