Industrial organization, capital ownership structure and economic policy in South Korea: from industrialization to neoliberalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-5230.2023.e90201Keywords:
South Korea economic development, Industrial policy, Chaebols, Capital ownership structure, Industrial organization.Abstract
The paper investigates the relationship between the State and big capital (chaebols) in the South Korea in three periods: the phase of constitution of the heavy industry between the 1960s and 1980s, the period of institutional transformation characteristic of neoliberal financialization in the 1990s, and the limited reversal of liberalizing reforms after the 1997 crisis. For this, we reject forms of evaluation of economic policies that assume universally correct models to identify errors and successes in the cases analyzed. On the contrary, we emphasize the class character of the Korean state and its role in coordinating the more general interests of capitalist accumulation rather than serving the particularistic interests of corporations. Therefore, we emphasize not only the State's capabilities, but its partnership with the chaebols for the definition and execution of common objectives in each period. We conclude that, like economism, political voluntarism should be rejected as a model of comparative analysis.
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