Effects of government regulations and private standards on international trade of meat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-5230.2024.e95878Keywords:
SPS and TBT measures, Gravity model, ExportsAbstract
The meat complex represents one of the sectors with the highest incidence of rules and regulations on its trade flows. In this sense, this paper aims to verify: a) the effects of SPS and TBT measures on exports of the meat complex; b) the effect of private standards on the referred trade flow; c) the relative importance of private standards and government regulations on trade flows. The method used in the paper was the gravity model estimated using PPML (Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood), with data from 2013 to 2018 for 111 exporting countries and 106 importing countries. The results showed a positive and significant effect of private standards on the meat trade, while government regulations did not have a significant effect.
References
ANDERSON, J.E. A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, Nashville, v. 69, n. 1, p. 106-116, 1979.
ANDERSON, J.E.; VAN WINCOOP, E. Gravity with gravitas: a solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, Nashville, v. 93, n. 1, p. 170-192, 2003.
ANDERSON, J.E.; VAN WINCOOP, E. Trade costs. Journal of Economic Literature, v. 42, n. 3, p. 691-751, 2004.
ANDERSON, A. The trade effect of private standards. European Review of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 46, N2, pp. 267-290, 2019.
AMARAL, M. K. Do “novo protecionismo” ao “protecionismo privado”: a atuação da sociedade civil na regulação do comércio internacional. Apex-Brasil, 2012.
BAIER, S.; BERGSTRAND, J.H. The growth of world trade: tariffs, transport costs, and income similarity. Journal of International Economics, v. 53, p. 1-27, 2001.
BALDWIN, R.E.; TAGLIOLI, D. Gravity for dummies and dummies for gravity equations. London, 2006. (CEPR Discussion Paper, 5850). Disponível em: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=930606. Acesso em: 28 out. 2019.
BERGSTRAND, J.H. The gravity equation in international trade: some microeconomic foundations and empirical evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 67, n. 3, p. 474-481, 1985.
CENTRE D’ESTUDES PROSPECTIVES ET D’INFORMATIONS INTERNATIONALES – CEPII. Databases & models. Disponível em: http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd.asp. Acesso em: 27 dez. 2018.
CLARKE, R. Private Food Safety Standards: Their Role in Food Safety Regulation and their Impact. Texto para discussão da Food and Agriculture Organization. 2010. Disponível em: http://www.fao.org/3/ap236e/ap236e.pdf. Acesso em: 05 fev. 2020.
DEARDORFF, A.V. Determinants of bilateral trade: does gravity work in a neoclassical world? In: FRANKEL, Jeffrey A. (Ed.). The regionalization of the world economy. Chicago: University of Chicago, p. 7-32, 1998.
EGGER, P. H; LARCH, M. Interdependent Preferential Trade Agreement Memberships: An Empirical Analysis, Journal of International Economics 76(2), pp. 384-399, 2008.
FIANKOR, D. D. D; FLACHSBARTH, I.; MASSOD, A.; BRÜMMER, B. Does Globalgap certification promote agricultural exports? 19th Annual European Study Group Conference, Florence, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.etsg.org/ETSG2017/papers/fiankor2017.pdf. Acesso em 20 out 2019.
GLOBALGAP. Putting food safety and sustainability on the map. Disponível em: https://www.globalgap.org/uk_en/who-we-are/about-us/ Acesso em 28 out 2019.
HENSON, H; HUMPHREY, J. The impacts of private food safety standards on the food chain and on public standard-setting processes. Paper prepared for FAO/WHO. May, 2009. Disponível em: https://www.fao.org/3/i1132e/i1132e.pdf Acesso em: 05 mai. 2020.
MARTINEZ-ZARSOZO, I. The log of gravity revisited. Applied Economics, 2011, vol 45, n 03, pag 311-327. Disponível em: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734529/document . Acesso em: 28 out. 2019.
MARTIN, W.; PHAM, C.S. Estimating the Gravity Model when zero trade flows are frequent, Working Paper, 2015. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper N 7308. Disponível em: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2619473. Acesso em: 28 out 2019.
MITCHELL, L. Economic theory and conceptual relationships between food safety and international trade. Economics Research Service/USDA. 2003. Disponível em: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/41603/15636_aer828d_1_.pdf?v=42055. Acesso em: 20 mai. 2020.
SANTACOLOMA, P.; CASEY, S. Investment and capacity building for GAP standards. Texto para discussão da Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). 2011. Disponível em: http://www.fao.org/3/ba0033e/ba0033e00.pdf. Acesso em: 05 jun. 2020.
SANTOS SILVA, J.M.C.; TENREYRO, S. The log of gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Cambridge, v. 88, n. 4, 2006.
SHEPHERD, B.; WILSON, J.S. Trade facilitation in ASEAN member countries: measuring progress and assessing priorities. Washington: World Bank, (Working Paper, 4615), 2008.
SCHLUETER, S. W.; WIECK, C. Regulatory policies in meat trade: is there evidence for least trade-distorting sanitary regulations? American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 91, N. 5, p. 1484-1490, 2009.
UNCOMTRADE. United Nations Commodity Trade. Statistic Database. 2020. Disponível em: https://comtrade.un.org/data. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2020.
WOOLDRIDGE, J.M. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. Cambridge: MIT Press, 752 p, 2002.
WOOLDRIDGE, J. M. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. The MIT Press:London, England, 2011.
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO). I-TIP Goods: Integrated analysis and retrieval of notified non-tariff measures. Disponível em: https://i-tip.wto.org/goods/Forms/TableView.aspx#. Acesso em maio, 2017.
YOTOV, Y. V., PIERMARTINI, R., MONTEIRO, J. A., LARCH, M.. An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis: The Structural Gravity Model. Genebra: UNCTAD-WTO, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/advancedwtounctad2016_e.pdf. Acesso em: 15 abril 2020.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

Este trabalho está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.