Ansiedades de Influência: Teoria da Conspiração e Cultura Terapêutica na América do Milênio

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8034.2021.e80899

Resumo

Neste capi?tulo de livro, publicado originalmente em 2003, Susan Harding e Kathleen Stewart analisam a explosa?o de teorias da conspirac?a?o nos Estados Unidos do po?s-Guerra. Elas evitam o apelo comum de isolar o pensamento conspirato?rio como mero padra?o hermene?utico exo?tico ou tipo de ideologia especi?fica ao trata?-lo como parte de uma “estrutura de sentimento”, “sistema nervoso” e “discurso metacultural” amplo, difuso e inclusivo, apesar de atualizado em diversas intensidades. A “ansiedade de influe?ncia”, o sentimento agudo de estarmos sendo manipulados pelos pro?prios sistemas de expertise que sustentam a ordem contempora?nea, da? vaza?o a uma semio?tica ansiosa, obcecada pela leitura de “sinais” que desvelam uma Verdade final intencionalmente obscurecida e gera pra?ticas encarnadas que funcionam simultaneamente como cura e sintoma. Essa estrutura paranoica de sentimento e? analisada por meio de uma cuidadosa reconstituic?a?o etnogra?fica de duas comunidades “remanescentes”: o apocalipticismo otimista da igreja pentecostal-carisma?tica Calvary Church e o tra?gico, mas igualmente otimista, “plano de fuga” extraterreno do movimento de base ufolo?gica Heaven’s Gate.

Biografia do Autor

Bruno Reinhardt, Departamento de Antropologia, UFSC

Antropologia; Antropologia da Religião e do Secularismo; Antropologia da África

Referências

BALCH, Robert. Waiting for the Ships: Disillusionment and the Revitalization of Faith in Bo and Peep’s ufo Cult. In: JAMES, R. Lewis (ed). The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. p. 137-166.

BALMER, Randall. Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: a Journey into the Evangelical Subculture in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

BALMER, Randall; TODD JR., Jesse T. Calvary Chapel, Costa Mesa, California. In: JAMES, Wind; JAMES, Lewis. (ed.). American Congregations: Portraits of Twelve Religious Communities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. p. 442-460.

BARKUN, Michael. Politics and Apocalypticism. In: STEIN, Stephen. (ed.). The Encyclopedia

of Apocalypticism. New York: Continuum, 1998. p. 442-460.

BERLANT, Lauren. Face of America and the State of Emergency. In: NELSON, Cary; GAONKAR, Dilip P. (ed.). Disciplinarity and Dissent in Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge, 1996. p. 397- 439.

BERLITZ, Charles; MOORE, W. L. The Roswell Incident. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1980.

BRYAN, C. D. B. Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind: Alien Abduction, ufos, and the Conference at mit. New York: Knopf, 1995.

BUCK-MORSS, Susan. Aesthetics and Anaesthetics: Walter Benjamin’s Artwork Essay Reconsidered. October, [s.l.], n. 62, p. 3-41, 1993.

BUCK-MORSS, Susan. The City as Dreamworld and Catastrophe. October, [s.l.], n. 73, p. 3-26, 1995.

BUTLER, Judith. The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.

CONWAY, Flo; SIEGELMAN, Jim. Exclusive: Nation’s Leading Cult Experts Begin a Web Diary as the Heaven’s Gate Story Unfolds. 1997. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/ yil/ higher/cultc011.html. Acessado periodicamente entre: 1997-1998. [NR: página não está mais disponível].

CURRAN, Douglas. In Advance of the Landing: Folk Concepts of Outer Space. New York: Abbeville, 1985.

DARLINGTON, David. Area 51: The Dreamland Chronicles. New York: Henry Holt, 1997. DEAN, Jodi. Aliens in America: Conspiracy Cultures from Outerspace to Cyberspace. Ithaca:

Cornell University Press, 1998.

DERY, Mark. The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink. New York: Grove, 1999.

EBERART, George M. (ed.). The Roswell Report. Chicago: Hynek Center for UFO Studies, 1991.

FELDMAN, Allen. On Cultural Anaesthesia: From Desert Storm to Rodney King. American Ethnologist, [s.l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 404-418, 1994.

FENSTER, Mark. Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

FOUCAULT, Michel. The History of Sexuality. New York: Vintage; Random House, 1980. v. 1.

FOX, Richard; LEARS, Jackson. Introduction. In: FOX, Richard; LEARS, Jackson. (ed.). The Culture of Consumption. New York: Random House, 1983. p. 3-45.

GIBSON, James William. Warrior Dreams: Paramilitary Culture in Post-Vietnam America. New York: Hill and Wang, 1994.

GRAHAM, Allison. Are You Now or Have You Ever Been? Conspiracy Theory and the X-Files. In: LAVERY, David; HAGUE, Angela; CARTWRIGHT, Marla. (ed.). Deny All Knowledge: Reading the X-Files. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996. p. 52-62.

HARDING, Susan. The Book of Jerry Falwell: Fundamentalist Language and Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

HEAVEN’S GATE. Webpages. [Acesso entre 1997-1998].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Earth Exit Statements. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais

disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. 88 Update – the ufo Two and Their Crew: A Brief Synopsis. Disponível em: http://www. zdnet.com/yil/higher/heavensgate/book/3–3.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Exit Statements/Our Position against Suicide. Disponível em: http:// www.zdnet.com/yil/ higher/heavensgate/letter.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. How and When Heaven’s Gate May Be Entered: An Anthology of Our Materials and Table of Contents. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/higher/heavensgate/ book/book.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível] HEAVEN’S GATE. Index. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/higher/heavensgate/index.html. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Last Chance to Evacuate Earth before It’s Recycled (Edited Transcript of Videotape – September 29, 1996). Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/higher/heavens gate/vt092996.html. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Major and Lesser Offenses. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/ higher/heavens gate/book/2–5.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. 95 Statement by an E.T. Presently Incarnate. Disponível em: http:// www.zdnet.com/yil/ higher/heavensgate/book/1–4.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Organized Religion (Especially Christian) Has Become the Primary Pulpit for Misinformation and the ‘Great Cover-Up. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet. com/yil/higher/heavensgate/book/6 – 6.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Overview of Present Mission. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/ higher/heavens gate/book/05.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Planet about to Be Recycled; Your Only Chance to Survive: Leave with Us (Edited Transcript of Videotape – October 5, 1996). Disponível em: http://www.zdnet. com/yil/ higher/heavensgate/vt100596.html. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. The 17 Steps. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/higher/ heavensgate/book/2–5. htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Total Overcomers Classroom Admission Requirements. Disponível em: http://www. zdnet.com/yil/higher/heavensgate/book/5–6.htm. Acesso entre 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Transcripts of Two Recent Videos. Disponível em: http://www.zdnet. com/yil/higher/ heavensgate/latest.htm. Acesso entre: 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HEAVEN’S GATE. Ufo Cult’ Resurfaces with Final Offer. Disponível em: http://www. zdnet.com/yil/ higher/heavensgate/book/5–2.htm. Acesso entre 1997-1998. [NR: Não está mais disponível].

HESEMANN, Michael; MANTLE, Philip. Beyond Roswell: The Alien Autopsy Film, Area 51, and the U.S. Government Cover-Up of ufos. London: Michael O’Mara, 1997.

HOPKINS, Budd. Missing Time: a Documented Study of ufo Abductions. New York: Richard Marek, 1981.

HOPKINS, Budd. Intruders: The Incredible Visitations at Copley Woods. New York: Random

House, 1987.

IVY, Marilyn. Have You Seen Me? Recovering the Inner Child in Late Twentieth-Century

America. Social Text, [s.l.], v. 37, p. 227-252, 1993.

IVY, Marilyn. Discourses of the Vanishing: Modernity, Phantasm, Japan. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1995.

KELLY, Michael. The Road to Paranoia. New Yorker, [s.l.], p. 60-75, 19 June, 1995.

LEWIS, Fred. The New Antiterrorism. New York Review of Books, [s.l.], v. 46, n. 2, p. 24, 1999.

LEWIS, James R. (ed.). The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

LIEB, Michael. Children of Ezekiel: Aliens, ufos, the Crisis of Race, and the Advent of End Time. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.

LUTZ, Tom. American Nervousness, 1903: An Anecdotal History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.

MACK, John E. Abduction: Human Encounters with Aliens. New York: Scribner’s, 1994. MARCUS, George (ed.). Paranoia within Reason: a Casebook on Conspiracy as Explanation.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

MARSDEN, George. Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth- Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

MELLEY, Timothy. Empire of Conspiracy: The Culture of Paranoia in Postwar America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000.

MILLER, Donald. Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the New Millennium. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997.

PFEIL, Fred. Sympathy for the Devil: Notes on Some White Guys in the Ridiculous Class War. New Left Review, [s.l.], v. 213, p. 115-124, 1995.

PRITCHARD, Andrea et al. (ed.). Alien Discussions: Proceedings of the Abduction Study Conference. Cambridge, Mass.: North Cambridge, 1994.

RANDLE, Kevin D.; SCHMIDT, Donald R. The ufo Crash at Roswell. New York: Avon, 1991. ROBERTSON, Pat. The New World Order. Dallas: Word, 1991.

SALER, Benson; ZIEGLER, Charles A.; MOORE, Charles B. UFO Crash at Roswell: The Genesis of a Modern Myth. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997.

SCHOEPFLIN, Rennie B. Apocalypse in an Age of Science. In: STEIN, Stephen. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism. New York: Continuum, 1998. p. 108-139.

SMITH, Chuck. Time Is Short, Cor. 7:29-32. The Word for Today, tape 8653. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Calvary Chapel Ministries, 1997.

STEIGER, Brad; HEWES, Hayden. Inside Heaven’s Gate: The ufo Cult Leaders Tell Their Story in Their Own Words. New York: Signet, 1997.

STREIBER, Whitley. Communion: A True Story. New York: [s.n.], 1987. TAUSSIG, Michael. The Nervous System. New York: Routledge, 1992.

TERKEL, Studs. The Great Divide: Second Thoughts on the American Dream. New York: Pantheon, 1988.

TIME. Special Report: Inside the Web of Death. 7 April, p. 28-47, 1997.

WEBER, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribner’s, 1958.

WEBER, Timothy. Living in the Shadow of the Second Coming. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1983.

WILLIAM, Morrow. Transformation: The Breakthrough. New York: Avon, 1989.

WILSON, Robert Anton; MILL, Miriam Joan. Everything Is Under Control: Conspiracies,

Cults, and Cover-Ups. New York: Harper, 1998.

Downloads

Publicado

2021-10-04

Como Citar

REINHARDT, Bruno; C. STEWART, Kathleen; HARDING, Susan; ZIKAN CARDOSO, Vânia. Ansiedades de Influência: Teoria da Conspiração e Cultura Terapêutica na América do Milênio. Ilha Revista de Antropologia, Florianópolis, v. 23, n. 3, 2021. DOI: 10.5007/2175-8034.2021.e80899. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/ilha/article/view/80899. Acesso em: 11 out. 2024.

Edição

Seção

Tradução