Contra a ética da ecologia do medo: por uma mudança nos objetivos de intervenção na natureza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2017v16n1p165Resumo
Seres humanos intervêm frequentemente na natureza por razões antropocêntricas ou ambientalistas. Um exemplo de intervenção consiste na reintrodução de lobos em áreas previamente habitadas por eles com a finalidade de se criar o que é conhecido como “ecologia do medo”. Na primeira parte deste artigo discutem-se as razões que têm sido utilizadas em favor dessa medida, e explica-se por que são incompatíveis com um enfoque não especista. Para tal, expõem-se os motivos pelos quais tal medida prejudica notavelmente animais como os cervos, sem tampouco ser benéfica para os próprios lobos. Em seguida, argumenta-se que, se abandonamos uma perspectiva especista, devemos mudar por completo o modo pelo qual intervimos na natureza. Em vez de intervir por motivos ecologistas ou antropocêntricos, nosso objetivo ao fazê-lo deve ser o de reduzir os danos sofridos pelos animais não humanos. A visão idílica segundo a qual os animais não humanos vivem vidas paradisíacas na natureza é completamente incorreta, e de fato há fortes razões para considerar que o sofrimento e a morte prematura prevalecem de forma clara sobre a felicidade desses animais. Isso faz com que seja ainda mais importante que nosso objetivo seja melhorar sua situação e dar-lhes nossa ajuda, em vez de causar-lhes danos. Isso entra em conflito de maneira significativa com alguns ideais ecologistas fundamentais cuja defesa não é compatível com a consideração dos interesses dos animais não humanos.
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