Critical reflection on social participation: barriers and strategies

Abstract

Social participation is a consolidation of the democratic process in strengthening citizenship. However, many of the participatory approaches are amateurish. There are long debates where the main problems are masked, highlighting the themes that the economic and political forces wish to emphasize. The general objective of the work is a theoretical-methodological contribution on social participation, as it is being handled by managers and civil society in different countries. The articles were searched as a theoretical and methodological basis according to the theme of the research. Of the 64 articles found considering the place and year of publication, 40 were used with case studies in different countries, such as the United States, China, India, Japan, and others. The articles highlight the barriers encountered in social participation and four other case studies show a social participation with power to influence decisions.