Da cultura da diferença à diferença das culturas: A apropriação do conceito de cultura no discurso de primatólogos

Abstract

Historically, the Anthropology, among the social sciences, it has been conserving the usufruct of the monopoly of the culture concept. However, the contemporary science presents problems that revitalize the debate concerning the inclusion of this concept. At one side, the recent discoveries of the molecular biology indicate great similarity among the human being genomes and of other great primates, from the other, the behavior biology and some primatologists execute this approach using the term culture to classify and to arrange the activities of the groups that research. The cultures, how we conceive it today, it is plural, but will it be possible to expand its reach from an inter-ethnic plan towards an inter-specific one? I intend to undertake an incursion to the theme of the appropriations of the culture concept by primatologists according to a relativist perspective, suggesting that the anthropology assumes a more inclusive posture of the emerging culture notions, and criticizing the associative and equivalent idea of culture between humans and other primates.