Parentesco inquietante: casamento sagrado e configuração de gênero no sul da Índia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8034.2025.e108876Palavras-chave:
Devadasis, Gênero, Parentesco, Casamento, Sul da Ásia, ValorResumo
Os padrões de criação de parentesco entre as devadasis do norte de Karnataka colocam problemas para o mapeamento antropológico do parentesco e para projetos estatais de normalização familiar. Dada à deusa Yellamma por sua família em um rito de casamento, uma devadasi torna-se uma pessoa que é, ao mesmo tempo, mulher e filho. Tal pessoa não pode ser mapeada por um cálculo estruturalista de parentesco, no qual toda posição já está previamente marcada pelo gênero. Eu elaboro sobre a criação de parentes como uma tecnologia para produzir gênero e valor em pessoas que podem habitar, mas também confundir, alinhamentos entre sexo, gênero e posição de parentesco que foram introduzidos de forma implícita no projeto antropológico sob o nome de parentesco.
Referências
APFFEL-MARGLIN, Frédérique. Wives of the God-King: The Rituals of the Devadasis of Puri. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
BASU, Srimati. She Comes to Take Her Rights: Indian Women, Property, and Propriety. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
BORNEMAN, John. Until Death Do Us Part: Marriage/Death in Anthropological Discourse. American Ethnologist, v. 23, n. 2, p. 215-238, 1996.
BORNEMAN, John. Caring and Being Cared For: Displacing Marriage, Kinship, Gender and Sexuality. International Social Science Journal, v. 49, n. 154, p. 573-584, 1997.
BRADFORD, Nicholas J. Transgenderism and the Cult of Yellamma: Heat, Sex, and Sickness in South Indian Ritual. Journal of Anthropological Research, v. 39, n. 3, p. 307-322, 1983.
BUSBY, Cecilia. The Performance of Gender: An Anthropology of Everyday Life in a South Indian Fishing Village. London: Athlone Press, 2000.
BUTLER, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990.
BUTLER, Judith. Antigone’s Claim: Kinship between Life and Death. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.
BUTLER, Judith. Is Kinship Always Already Heterosexual? Differences, v. 13, n. 1, p. 14-44, 2002.
COHEN, Lawrence. The Pleasures of Castration: The Postoperative Status of Hijras, Jankhas and Academics. In: ABRAMSON, Paul; Pinkerton, Steven (ed.). Sexual Nature, Sexual Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. p. 276-304.
COHEN, Lawrence. The Kothi Wars: AIDS Cosmopolitanism and the Morality of Classification. In: ADAMS, Vincanne; PIGG, Stacy Leigh (ed.). Sex in Development: Science, Sexuality, and Morality in Global Perspective. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. p. 269-303.
COLLIER, Jane Fishburne; YANAGISAKO, Silvia Junko. Gender and Kinship: Essays toward a Unified Analysis. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.
EPP, Linda Joy. Violating the Sacred? The Social Reform of Devadasis among Dalits in Karnataka, India. Ph.D. dissertation, Anthropology, York University, 1997.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. Kinship and Marriage among the Nuer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951.
FRANKLIN, Sarah; MCKINNON, Susan (ed.) Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001.
GILADA, Ishwarprasad Satyanarain. Child Prostitution: A Blot on Humanity. Bombay: Indian Health Organization, 1993.
GREENE, Beth. The Institution of Woman-Marriage in Africa: A Cross Cultural Analysis. Ethnology, v. 37, n. 4, p. 395-412, 1998.
GURUMURTHY, K. G. Status of Women under Devadasi Custom. In: GURUMURTHY, K. G. Cross Cultural Research and Other Anthropological Essays. New Delhi: Reliance, 1996. p. 130-145.
HARAWAY, Donna. Modest Witness@Second Millennium – FemaleMn Meets OncoMouseTM: Feminism and Technoscience. New York: Routledge, 1997.
HAYDEN, Cori. Gender, Genetics, and Generation: Reformulating Biology in Lesbian Kinship. Cultural Anthropology, v. 10, n. 1, p. 41-63, 1995.
HERDT, Gilbert. Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. New York: Zone Books, 1994.
HUTCHINSON, Sharon. The Cattle of Money and the Cattle of Girls among the Nuer, 1930–83. American Ethnologist, v. 19, n. 2, p. 294-316, 1992.
JWP – JOINT WOMEN’s PROGRAMME. The Devadasi Problem: Banhi 1981/2. Bangalore: Joint Women’s Programme, 1983.
JWP – JOINT WOMEN’s PROGRAMME. An Exploratory Study on Devadasi Rehabilitation Programme Initiated by Karnataka State Women’s Development Corporation and SC/ST Corporation, Government of Karnataka in Northern Districts of Karnataka. New Delhi: Joint Women’s Programme, 2001-2002.
JORDAN, Kay. From Sacred Servant to Profane Prostitute: A History of the Changing Legal Status of the Devadasis in India, 1857-1947. New Delhi: Manohar, 2003.
KANNABIRAN, Kalpana. Judiciary, Social Reform and Debate on “Religious Prostitution” in Colonial India. Economic and Political Weekly, v. 30, n. 43, p. 59-69, 1995.
KANNABIRAN, Kalpana; KANNABIRAN, Vasanth. Framing the “Web of Deceit”. In: KANNABIRAN, Kalpana; KANNABIRAN, Vasanth (ed.). Muvalur Ramamirthammal’s Web of Deceit: Devadasi Reform in Colonial India. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 2003. p. 1-47.
KAPADIA, Karin. Siva and Her Sisters: Gender, Caste, and Class in Rural South India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996.
KERSENBOOM-STORY, Saskia. Nityasumangali: Devadasi Tradition in South India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987.
KHANDELWAL, Meena; HAUSNER; Sondra L.; GOLD, Ann Grodzins (ed.) Women’s Renunciation in South Asia: Nuns, Yoginis, Saints, and Singers. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
KINSLEY, David. Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988.
KULICK, Don. Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture among Brazilian Trans-gendered Prostitutes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
KUMAR, N. D. Shiva. Finally, an End to the Devadasi System. Times of India, January 23, 2009.
LAMB, Sarah. White Saris and Sweet Mangoes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. The Elementary Structures of Kinship: James Harle Bell and John Richard von Sturmer, trans. Rodney Needham, ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.
MAHALE, Prabha. Basavis of Karnatak: The Daughters Endowed with Masculine Privileges. Eastern Anthropologist, Lucknow, v. 39, n. 2, p. 125-130, 1986.
MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw. Kinship. Man, v. 30, n. 2, p. 19-29, 1930.
MANI, Lata. Contentious Traditions: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
MARRIOTT, McKim. Hindu Transactions: Diversity without Dualism. In: KAPFERER, Bruce (ed.). Transaction and Meaning: Directions in the Anthropology of Exchange and Symbolic Behavior. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1976. p. 109-142.
MAUSS, Marcel. Techniques of the Body. Economy and Society, v. 2, n. 1, p. 70-88, 1973.
MAUSS, Marcel. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. New York: W. W. Norton, 1990.
McKINNON, Susan. From a Shattered Sun: Hierarchy, Gender, and Alliance in the Tanibar Islands. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
NAIR, Janaki. The Devadasi, Dharma and the State. Economic and Political Weekly, v. 29, n. 50, p. 3157-3167, 1994.
NANDA, Serena. Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1990.
OBOLER, Regina Smith. Is the Female Husband a Man? Woman/Woman Marriage among the Nandi of Kenya. Ethnology, v. 19, n. 1, p. 69-88, 1980.
O’BRIEN, Denise. Female Husbands in Southern Bantu. In: SCHLEGEL, Alice (ed.). Societies in Sexual Stratification: A Cross-Cultural View. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. p. 109-126.
OLDENBURG, Veena Talwar. Lifestyle as Resistance: The Case of the Courtesans of Lucknow, India. Feminist Studies, v. 16, n. 2, p. 259-287, 1990.
ORCHARD, Treena. In This Life: The Impact of Gender and Tradition on Sexuality and Relationships for Devadasi Sex Workers in Rural India. Sexuality and Culture, v. 11, n. 1, p. 3-27, 2007.
ORR, Leslie. Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God: Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
PARASHER, Aloka; USHA, Naik. Temple Girls of Medieval Karnataka. Indian Economic and Social History Review, v. 23, n. 1, p. 63-78, 1986.
POVINELLI, Elizabeth. Notes on Gridlock: Genealogy, Intimacy, Sexuality. Public Culture, v. 14, n. 1, p. 214-238, 2002.
RAHEJA, Gloria. The Poison in the Gift: Ritual, Prestation, and the Dominant Caste in a North Indian Village. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1988.
RAMANUJAN, A. K. Is There an Indian Way of Thinking? An Informal Essay. Contributions to Indian Sociology, v. 23, n. 1, p. 41-58, 1989.
RAMASWAMY, Vijaya. Walking Naked: Women, Society, Spirituality in South India. Shimla: Indian Institute for Advanced Study, 1997.
RAMBERG, Lucinda. When the Devi Is Your Husband: Sacred Marriage and Sexual Economy in South India. Feminist Studies, v. 37, n. 1, p. 28-60, 2011.
RAMBERG, L. Troubling kinship: Sacred marriage and gender configuration in South India. American Ethnologist, v. 40, p. 661-675, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12046.
RAO, Anupama. The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
REDDY, Gayatri. With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
ROBCIS, Camille. How the Symbolic Became French: Kinship and Republicanism in the PACS Debates. Discourse, v. 26, n. 3, p. 110-135, 2004.
ROEBUCK, Christopher. “Workin’ It”: Trans Lives in the Age of Epidemic. Ph.D. Dissertation, Joint Medical Anthropology Program, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, 2013.
RUBIN, Gayle. The Traffic in Women: Notes on the “Political Economy” of Sex. In: REITER, Rayna R. (ed). Toward an Anthropology of Women. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975. p. 157-210.
RUBIN, Gayle; BUTLER, Judith. Sexual Traffic: Interview. In: WEED, Elizabeth; SCHOR, Naomi (ed.). Feminism Meets Queer Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. p. 68-108.
SANGARI, K. K.; VAID, S. Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial History. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1989.
SCHNEIDER, David. A Critique of the Study of Kinship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984.
SHANKAR, Jogan. Devadasi Cult: A Sociological Analysis. New Delhi: Ashish, 1994.
SHREEDHAR, J. HIV Thrives in Ancient Traditions. Harvard AIDS Review, Fall, p. 10-11, 1995.
SINHA, Mrinalini. Introduction. In: MAYO, K. Mother India. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1998. p. 1-61.
SONEJI, Davesh. Unfinished Gestures: Devadasis, Memory, and Modernity in South India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
SRINIVAS, M. N. The Social System of a Mysore Village. In: MARRIOTT, M. (ed.). Village India. Calcutta: Development Department of West Bengal, 1955. p. 1-35.
STRATHERN, Marilyn. The Gender of the Gift. Berkeley: University of California, 1988.
STRATHERN, Marilyn. After Nature: English Kinship in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
STRATHERN, Marilyn. Kinship, Law and the Unexpected: Relatives Are Always a Surprise. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
TRAUTMANN, Thomas R. Dravidian Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
UDVARDY, Monica. Property, Personhood and the Self: Provisional Women and Enduring Men among the Giriama of Kenya. Research in Economic Anthropology, v. 16, p. 325-348, 1995.
WEINER, Annette B. Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keeping-while-Giving. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
WESTON, Kath. Families We Choose: Lesbians, Gays, Kinship. Rev. edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
WILLIAMS, Walter. The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture. Boston: Beacon Press, 1986.
YANAGISAKO, Sylvia; DELANEY, Carol (ed.). Naturalizing Power: Essays in Feminist Cultural Analysis. New York: Routledge, 1995.
YOUNG, Antonia. Women Who Become Men: Albanian Sworn Virgins. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilha Revista de Antropologia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Os autores cedem à Ilha – Revista de Antropologia – ISSN 2175-8034 os direitos exclusivos de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Atribuição Não Comercial Compartilhar Igual (CC BY-NC-SA) 4.0 International. Esta licença permite que terceiros remixem, adaptem e criem a partir do trabalho publicado, desde que para fins não comerciais, atribuindo o devido crédito de autoria e publicação inicial neste periódico desde que adotem a mesma licença, compartilhar igual. Os autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada neste periódico (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional, em site pessoal, publicar uma tradução, ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial neste periódico, desde que para fins não comerciais e compartilhar igual.
