Mudança sintática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1984-8420.2021.e86882Palavras-chave:
Corrupção. Configurações de poder organizacional. Punição percebida. Empresas privadas.Resumo
Ao longo da história, as línguas mudam em todos os níveis da sua estrutura: vocabulário, fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe. Como e porque tal mudança ocorre constituem as questões-chave levantadas pela disciplina de linguística histórica. Sob a perspectiva da gramática gerativa atual, a mudança linguística é estreitamente condicionada pelo requerimento de que todas as línguas se adaptam a especificações da faculdade humana da linguagem; mas o fato de que a língua muda, assim como o fato bruto da diversidade estrutural das línguas do mundo, marca um limite para a especificação biológica da linguagem. A maior questão aberta da linguística teórica talvez seja quão extenso é o leque de variação biológica; mas, seja esse leque de variação qual for, ele é o campo onde os desenvolvimentos históricos ocorrem. A necessidade de uma GU ricamente especificada segue do problema lógico da aquisição da linguagem, de modo que o linguista sincrônico considere como análises candidatas somente aquelas que são aprendíveis e formuladas em teorias que especifiquem claramente o que existe para ser aprendido e o que está construído internamente. O estudo contemporâneo da mudança sintática, o assunto deste artigo, é geralmente formulado em termos do processo de aquisição; entretanto, como poderá ser visto, o estudo da diacronia adiciona complexidades da sua própria natureza.
Referências
ADAMS, Marianne Patalino. Old French, null subjects and verb second phenomena. PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1987.
AITCHISON, Jean. The order of word order change. Transactions of the Philological Society, n. 77, p. 43-65, 1979.
ALDRICH, J. and NELSON, F. Linear probability, logit, and probit models. London: Sage, 1984.
ALTMANN, Gabriel; VON BUTTLAR, Haro; ROTT, Walter; STRAUß, Udo. A law of change in language. In: BRAINERD, Barron (Ed.). Historical linguistics. Bochum: Studienverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer, 1983. p. 104-115.
ANDERSEN, Henning. Abductive and deductive change. Language, n. 49, p. 765-793, 1973.
APPEL, René; MUYSKEN, Pieter. Language contact and bilingualism. London: Edward Arnold, 1987.
BAILEY, Charles-James N. Variation and linguistic theory. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1973.
CHOMSKY, Noam. Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
CLARK, Robin. The selection of syntactic knowledge. Language Acquisition, n. 2, p. 85-149, 1992.
CLARK, Robin.; ROBERTS, Ian. A computational model of language learnability and language change. Linguistic Inquiry, n. 24, p. 299-345. 1993.
CUTLER, Anne; MEHLER, Jacques; NORRIS, Dennis; SEGUI, Juan. The monolingual nature of speech segmentation by bilinguals. Cognitive Psychology, n. 24, p. 381-410. 1992.
ELLEGARD, Alvar. The auxiliary do: the establishment and regulation of its use in English. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1953.
FONTAINE, Carmen. Application de méthodes quantitatives en diachronie: l’inversion du sujet en français. Master’s thesis, Université du Québec à Montréal. 1985.
FONTANA, Josep M. Phrase structure and the syntax of clitics in the history of Spanish. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania. 1993.
GREENBERG, Joseph H. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. In: Greenberg, J. H. (ed.) Universals of language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1966. p. 73-113.
GUMPERZ, John; WILSON, Robert. Convergence and creolization. A case from the Indo-Aryan/Dravidian border in India. In: HYMES, D. (ed.) Pidginization and creolization of languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971. p. 151–167.
HAWKINS, John A. Implicational universals as predictors of word order change. Language, n. 55, p. 618–648. 1979.
HAWKINS, John A. Word order universals. New York: Academic Press, 1983.
JESPERSEN, Otto. The growth and structure of the English language. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1938.
JOSEPH, Brian D. The synchrony and diachrony of the Balkan infinitive. A study in areal, general, and historical linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
KAYNE, Richard S. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994.
KEMENADE, Ans van. Syntactic case and morphological case in the history of English. Dordrecht: Foris, 1987.
KIPARSKY, Paul. The shift to head-initial VP in Germanic. In: EPSTEIN, Samuel David; THRÁINSSON, Höskuldur; PETER, Steve. (Ed.). Studies in Comparative Germanic Syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996. v. 2, p. 140–179.
KROCH, Anthony. The loss of the verb-second constraint in Middle English and Middle French. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the Association Québécoise de Linguistique, Montréal, Québe, 1989a.
KROCH, Anthony. Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language Variation and Change, n. 1, p. 199-244. 1989b.
KROCH, Anthony; TAYLOR, Ann. (Ed.). Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English. Philadelphia: Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania. Available by anonymous ftp from babel.ling.upenn.edu. 1994.
KROCH, Anthony.; TAYLOR, Ann. Verb movement in Old and Middle English: Dialect variation and language contact. In: KEMENADE, Ans van; VINCENT, Nigel (Ed.). Parameters of morphosyntactic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. p. 297-325.
KROCH, Anthony; TAYLOR, Ann. Dialect differences in the grammar of the XV/VX alternation in Middle English. To appear in the proceedings of the 5th Diachronic Generative Syntax Conference, York. 1998.
KROCH, Anthony; TAYLOR, Ann.; RINGE, Donald. The Middle English verb-second constraint: A case study in language contact and language change. In: HERRING, Susan C.; REENEN, Pieter van; SCHØSLER, Lene (Ed.). Textual parameters in older language. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1997.
KUNO, Susumu. The position of relative clauses and conjunctions. Linguistic Inquiry, v. 5, p. 117-136, 1974.
LIGHTFOOT, David W. Principles of diachronic syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
LIGHTFOOT, David W. How to set parameters: Arguments from language change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
LIGHTFOOT, David W. The development of language: Acquisition, change, and evolution. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1999.
MCMAHON, April M. S. Understanding language change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
NADKARNI, Mangesh V. Bilingualism and syntactic change in Konkani. Language, n. 51, p. 672-683. 1975.
NIYOGI, Partha; BERWICK, Robert C. Evolutionary consequences of language learning. Linguistics and Philosophy, n. 20, p. 697-719. 1997.
PINTZUK, Susan. Phrase structures in competition: Variation and change in Old English word order. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania. 1991.
PINTZUK, Susan. Verb seconding in Old English: Verb movement to Infl. The Linguistic Review, n. 10, p. 5-35. 1993.
PINTZUK, Susan. Phrase structure variation in Old English. Language Variation and Change, n. 7, p.152-167. 1995.
PLANCK, Frans. The modals story retold. Studies in Language, n. 8, p. 305-364. 1984.
PLATZACK, Christer. The loss of verb second in English and French. In: BATTYE, Adrian; ROBERTS, Ian G. (Ed.). Language change and verbal systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 200-226.
PULLUM, Geoffrey; WILSON, Deirdre. Autonomous syntax and the analysis of auxiliaries. Language, n. 53, p. 741-788. 1977.
ROBERTS, Ian G. Agreement parameters and the development of the English modal auxiliaries. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, n. 3, p. 21-58. 1985.
ROBERTS, Ian G. Verbs and diachronic syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993.
SANTORINI, Beatrice Elizabeth. The generalization of the verb-second constraint in the history of Yiddish. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania. 1989.
SANTORINI, Beatrice Elizabeth. The rate of phrase structure change in the history of Yiddish. Language Variation and Change, n. 5, p. 257-283. 1993.
SHI, Ziqiang. The present and the past of the particle le in Mandarin Chinese. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania. 1988.
SHI, Ziqiang. The grammaticalization of the particle le in Mandarin Chinese. Language Variation and Change, n. 1, p. 99-114. 1989.
STOCKWELL, Robert P. Motivations for exbraciation in Old English. In: LI, Charles N. (Ed.). Mechanisms of syntactic change. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1977. p. 291-314.
TAYLOR, Ann. The change from SOV to SVO in Ancient Greek. Language Variation and Change, n. 6, p. 1-37. 1994.
THOMASON, Sarah Grey; KAUFMAN, Terrence. Language contact, creolization and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988.
URIEL, Weinreich; LABOV, William; HERZOG, Marvin. Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. In: LEHMANN, Winfred P.; MALKIEL, Yakov. (Ed.). Directions for historical linguistics, a symposium. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1968. p. 95-195.
VINCENT, Nigel. Perceptual factors in word order change in Latin. In: HARRIS, Martin (Ed.). Romance syntax. Salford, UK: University of Salford, 1976. p. 54-68.
WARNER, Anthony. Review of D. Lightfoot, principles of diachronic syntax. Journal of Linguistics, n. 19, p. 187-209. 1983.
WARNER, Anthony. English auxiliaries, structure and history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os direitos autorais de trabalhos publicados são dos autores, que cedem à Revista Working Papers em Linguística o direito de publicação, ficando sua reimpressão, total ou parcial, sujeita à autorização expressa da Comissão Editorial da revista. Deve ser consignada a fonte de publicação original. Os nomes e endereços de e-mail neste site serão usados exclusivamente para os propósitos da revista, não estando disponíveis para outros fins. The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.
Esta obra está licenciada sob licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial- 4.0 Internacional.
