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Abstract

A commented checklist of the non-volant terrestrial mammals from Santa Catarina Island (27º10'S - 27º50'S e 48º25'W - 48º35'W, 451 km²), southrn Brazil, is presented. The following methods were employed: 1) Bibliographic survey; 2) Identification os specimens housed in the Scientific Collection of Mammals at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 3) Use of small (260 x 140 x 90 mm) and medium-sized (410 x 200 x 170 mm) live traps; 4) Visual record, identification of vestiges and recuperation of dead animals; 5) Interviews with local residents. Twenty-five species belonging to twelve families and five orders were confirmed. Four species were mentioned in the interviews, but not confirmed. The results show a complete absence of largar species and a partial absence of medium-sized species, most of which were present at archeological sites on the island and/or habiting the adjacent mainland. The local extinction of these species probably began with the intensification of the European colonization of the island (18th century) and its principal causes were hunting and habitat destrucion.