Reproductive biology of the saddle cichlid, Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), in small forest streams in the Machado River basin, southwestern Amazonia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2019v32n2p115Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive strategy of Aequidens tetramerus in small streams of the Machado river basin, southwestern Amazon. We collected samples in two streams using seine and dip nets along a 50-m stretch of the stream. We collected 86 fishes, 19 males and 67 females (sex-ratio, 3.52 female:1male). Their body size varied from 1.5 to 11.5 cm. The size at first reproduction was 1.8 cm for females and 2.0 cm for males. The reproductive season of the species occurred in the dry period.
References
BAERENDS, G. P. A comparative study of stimulus selection in the filial following response of fry of substrate spawning cichlid fish. Behaviour, Leiden, v. 125, n. 1, p. 79-155, 1993.
BARBIERI, G.; SALLES, F. A.; CESTAROLLI, M. A.; TEIXEIRA-FILHO, A. R. Estratégias reprodutivas do dourado, Salminus maxillosus e do curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus, no Rio Mogi Guaçu, Estado de São Paulo, com ênfase nos parâmetros matemáticos da dinâmica populacional. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, v. 26, n. 2, p. 169-174, 2004.
BÜHRNHEIM, C. M.; COX-FERNANDES, C. História natural e comportamento reprodutivo de Aequidens pallidus e Crenicichla inpa (Perciformes: Cichlidae). In: CINTRA, R. (Ed.). História natural, ecologia e conservação de algumas espécies de plantas e animais da Amazônia. 1 ed. Manaus: EDUA-INPA-FAPEAM, 2004. p. 157-166.
CAMPOS-MENDOZA, A.; MCANDREW, B. J.; COWARD, K. Reproductive response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to photoperiodic manipulation; effects on spawning periodicity, fecundity and egg size. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, v. 231, n. 1, p. 299-314, 2004.
CHAPMAN, C. A.; CHAPMAN, L. J.; STRUHSAKER, T. T.; ZANNE, A. E.; CLARK, C. J.; POULSEN, J. R. A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology, Winchelsea, v. 21, n. 1, p. 31-45, 2005.
CONOVER, D. O.; KYNARD, M. H. Environmental sex determination: interaction of temperature and genotype in a fish. Nature, New York, v. 326, n. 1, p. 496-498, 1981.
COSTA, I. D.; SOARES, M. O. The seasonal diet of Aequidens tetramerus (Cichlidae) in a small forest stream in the Machado River basin, Rondônia, Brazil. Acta Amazonica, Manaus, v. 45, n. 4, p. 365-372, 2015.
DUPONCHELLE, F.; PANFILI, J. Variations in age and size at maturity of female Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, populations from man-made lakes of Côte d'Ivoire. Environmental Biology of Fishes, New York, v. 52, n. 4, p. 453-465, 1998.
ESPÍRITO-SANTO, H. M. V.; RODRÍGUEZ, M. A.; ZUANON, J. Reproductive strategies of Amazonian stream fishes and their fine-scale use of habitat are ordered along a hydrological gradient. Freshwater Biology, London, v. 58, n. 12, p. 2494-2504, 2013.
KEENLEYSIDE, M. H. Parental care patterns of fishes. The American Naturalist, Chicago, v. 117, n. 6, p. 1019-1022, 1981.
KEENLEYSIDE, M. H.; RANGELEY, R. W.; KUPPERS, B. U. Female mate choice and male parental defense behaviour in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum. Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ottawa, v. 63, n. 11, p. 2489-2493, 1985.
KULLANDER, S. O. Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru. Stockholm: Museum of Natural History, 1986. 394 p.
KULLANDER, S. O. A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). In: MALABARBA, L. R.; REIS, R. E.; VARI, R. P.; LUCENA, Z. M. S.; LUCENA, C. A. S. (Ed.). Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: Edipucrs, 1998. p. 461-498.
KULLANDER, S. O. Family Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: REIS, R. E.; KULLANDER, S. O.; FERRARIS, C. J. JR. (Ed.). Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Central and South America. Porto Alegre: Edipucrs, 2003. p. 605-654.
MENDONÇA, F. P.; MAGNUSSON, W. E.; ZUANON, J. Relationships between habitat characteristics and fish assemblages in small streams of Central Amazonia. Copeia, Lawrence, v. 4, n. 1, p. 751-764, 2005.
MIAH, M. S. Climatic and anthropogenic factors changing spawning pattern and production zone of Hilsa fishery in the Bay of Bengal. Weather and Climate Extremes, Sydney, v.7, n.1, p.109-115, 2015.
NIKOLSKI, G. V. The ecology of fishes. London: Academic Press, 1963. 235 p.
NIKOLSKI, G. V. Theory of fish population dynamics. Edimburg: Oliver & Boyd, 1969. 138 p.
NUÑEZ, J.; DUPONCHELLE, F. Towards a universal scale to assess sexual maturation and related life history traits in oviparous teleost fishes. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Amsterdam, v. 35, n. 1, p. 167-180, 2009.
PIRES, T. H.; CAMPOS, D. F.; RÖPKE, C. P.; SODRÉ, J.; AMADIO, S.; ZUANON, J. Ecology and life-history of Mesonauta festivus: biological traits of a broad ranged and abundant Neotropical cichlid. Environmental Biology of Fishes, New York, v. 98, n. 3, p. 789-799, 2015.
POOT-LÓPEZ, G. R.; ARCE-IBARRA, A. M.; ELÍAS-GUTIÉRREZ, M.; CERVANTES, A. Differences in reproductive seasonality of the Central American cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus from three ‘cenotes’ (sinkholes). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Berlin, v. 25, n. 1, p. 85-90, 2009.
QUEIROZ, H. L.; CRAMPTON, W. G. R. Estratégias para manejo de recursos pesqueiros em Mamirauá. Brasilia: CNPq, 1999. 197 p.
QUEIROZ, L. J.; TORRENTE-VILARA, G.; OHARA, W. M.; PIRES, T. H. S.; ZUANON, J.; DORIA, C. R. C. Peixes do rio Madeira. São Paulo: Dialeto Latin American Documentary, 2013. 600 p.
RANGEL-SERPA, F.; TORRES, M. Reproductive seasonality of Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1922 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a tropical mountain river. Neotropical Ichthyology, Maringá, v. 13, n. 2, p. 421-430, 2015.
SILVA, T. C. G.; CAVALCANTE, D. P.; DE QUEIROZ, H. L. Aspects of the reproductive biology of Aequidens tetramerus (cichlidae) in várzea areas of the middle Solimões river, Brazilian Amazon. UAKARI, Belém, v. 9, n. 2, p. 63-74, 2014.
STATSOFT, INC. Statistica (data analysis software system). 2005. Version 7.1. Disponível em .
VAZZOLER, A. E. A. M. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: teoria e prática. Maringá: Eduem, 1996. 52 p.
VICENTINI, R. N.; ARAÚJO, F. G. Sex ratio and size structure of Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) in Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Brazilian Journal Biology, São Carlos, v. 63, n. 4, p. 559-566, 2003.
WINEMILLER, K. O.; JEPSEN, D. B. Effects of seasonality and fish movement on tropical river food webs. Journal of Fish Biology, Malden, v. 53, n. 1, p. 267-296, 1998.
WOOTTON, R. J. The ecology of teleost fishes. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1998. 126 p.
WOLF, D. D. D. F. Estrutura populacional, táticas reprodutivas e alocação de energia em peixes de igarapé da Reserva Ducke, Amazônia Central brasileira. 2014. 100 f. Dissertação (Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus. 2014.
ZAR, J. H. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall City, 1999. 663 p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
After the electronic publication of the manuscript, the authors are entitled, without any restriction, on its contents.
License Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional - CC BY
Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (ex.: publish in institutional repository or as a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.

