Memory and learning in spiders

Abstract

Spider learning and memory, which attract relatively little attention, are nonetheless interesting objects for an ecologically oriented analysis. A number of representative studies are reviewed showing, in several species of spiders, habituation and sensitization in predatory or defensive behavior; increased efficiency of specific sequences through training, the learning to chose or rejects specific prey items. Spatial memory is taken more in detail, as a special case.  It is suggested that spiders have memory processes analogous to the “working” and “reference” memory of mammals. A series of observations about the factors at work during return to the center of the wed in a tropical orb weaver, Argiope argentata, is reported.  This spider achieves its orientation through the use of the dragline, discrimination of thread patterns, kinesthetic and gravitational memory, as alternative or integrated strategies. The experimental and naturalistic analysis of past experience effects in spiders has implications for the understanding of learning and memory as adaptive phenomena.