Capital Structure and financial distress in family and non-family Brazilian companies

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2020v17n44p17

Abstract

The aim of the study was to verify the influence of capital structure on financial distress in family and non-family brazilian companies. We conducted a descriptive, documentary and quantitative research. The sample included 137 companies, of which 65 were family members and 72 were non-family, analyzed from 2011 to 2017. It was observed that, through three measures total debt, long-term debt and costly debt the capital structure influences the probability of financial distress of both family and non-family companies. More importantly, these measures diverge from each other and according as from management and corporate ownership (if family or non-family companies). Thus, the contribution of this study stems from the recognition that managers, investors and other interested parties should observe capital structure measures in a different way to recognize the event of financial distress and, as a result, make assertive decisions regarding their underlying interests.

Author Biographies

Edgar Pamplona

Doutorando em Ciências Contábeis e Administração no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Regional de Blumenau PPGCC (FURB)

Alice Carolina Ames

Doutoranda em Ciências Contábeis e Administração no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Regional de Blumenau PPGCC (FURB)

Tarcísio Pedro da Silva, Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Regional de Blumenau PPGCC (FURB)

Doutor em Ciências Contábeis e Administração pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Regional de Blumenau PPGCC (FURB)

References

ABDIOĞLU, N. The impact of firm specific characteristics on the relation between financial distress and capital structure decisions. Journal of Business Research-Turk, v. 11, n. 2, p. 1057-1067, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.655

ALTMAN, E. I. Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, v. 23, n. 4, p. 589-609, 1968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00843.x

ANDERSON, R. C.; DURU, A.; REEB, D. M. Investment policy in family controlled firms. Journal of Banking and Finance, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1744-1758, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.01.018

ANDERSON, R. C.; MANSI, S. A.; REEB, D. M. Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt. Journal of Financial Economics, v. 68, n. 2, p. 263-285, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00067-9

ANDERSON, R. C.; REEB, D. M. Founding‐family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the S&P 500. The Journal of Finance, v. 58, n. 3, p. 1301-1328, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00567

ASQUITH, P.; GERTNER, R.; SCHARFSTEIN, D. Anatomy of financial distress: An examination of junk-bond issuers. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 109, n. 3, p. 625-658, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2118416

ATAÜNAL, L.; AYBARS, A. Testing target-adjustment and pecking order models of capital structure and estimating speed of adjustment: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul (BIST). International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-15, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCFA.2017010101

BANCO MUNDIAL (WORLD BANK). World development indicators. Disponível em: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. Acesso em: 09 jul. 2018.

BEAVER, W. H. Financial ratios as predictors of failure. Journal of Accounting Research, v. 4, n. 1, p. 71-111, 1966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2490171

BEZERRA, E. S.; LAGIOIA, U. C. T.; PEREIRA, M. de L. Financial, macroeconomic and corporative management indicators to predict the insolvency of B3 companies. Journal of Accounting, Management and Governance, v. 22, n. 3, p. 405-422, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21714/1984-3925_2019v22n3a6

DUMONT, G.; SCHMIT, M. Tier-1 MFIs’ financial performance: Cash-flow statement analysis version 2.0. Working Paper. In: Research Institute in Management Sciences, v. 1413, n. 54, p. 1-36, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Tier-1-MFIs-Financial-Performance%3A-Cash-flow-Dumont-Schmit/5263757283743ace0792a3f1f8eff6778e60e6db. Acesso em: 11 jul. 2018.

FRANK, M. Z.; GOYAL, V. K. Capital structure decisions: Which factors are reliably important? Financial Management, v. 38, n. 1, p. 1-37, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2009.01026.x

GENG, R.; BOSE, I.; CHEN, X. Prediction of financial distress: An empirical study of listed chinese companies using data mining. European Journal of Operational Research, v. 241, n. 1, p. 236-247, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.08.016

GONÇALVES, E. B.; GOUVÊA, M. A.; MANTOVANI, D. M. N. Análise de risco de crédito com o uso de regressão logística. Revista Contemporânea de Contabilidade, v. 10, n. 20, p. 139-160, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2013v10n20p139

GOTTARDO, P.; MOISELLO, A. M. Family influence, leverage and probability of financial distress. In. Capital Structure, Earnings Management, and Risk of Financial Distress. SpringerBriefs in Business, 2019, p.41-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00344-9_3

HANG, M.; GEYER-KLINGEBERG, J.; RATHGEBER, A. W.; STÖCKL, S. Measurement matters – A meta-study of the determinants of corporate capital structure. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, v. 68, n. 1, p. 211-225, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2017.11.011

HORTA, R. A. M.; ALVEZ, F. J. dos S.; CARVALHO, F. A. A. de. Seleção de atributos na previsão de insolvência: Aplicação e avaliação usando dados brasileiros recentes. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, v. 15, n. 1, p. 125-151, 2014..

KAHL, M. (2002). Economic distress, financial distress, and dynamic liquidation. The Journal of Finance, v. 57, n. 1, p. 135-168, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00418

KAYO, E. K.; BRUNALDI, E. O.; ALDRIGHI, D. M. Capital structure adjustment in brazilian family firms. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, v. 22, n. 1, p. 92-114, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2018170004

KISMAN, Z.; KRISANDI, D. How to predict financial distress in the wholesale sector: Lesson from Indonesian Stock Exchange. Journal of Economics and Business, v. 2, n. 3, p. 569-585, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.02.03.109

LAFFRANCHINI, G.; BRAUN, M. Slack in family firms: Evidence from Italy (2006-2010). Journal of Family Business Management, v. 4, n. 2, p. 171-193, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-04-2013-0011

LUCKY, L. A.; MICHAEL, A. O. Leverage and corporate financial distress in Nigeria: A panel data analysis. Asian Finance & Baking Review, v. 3, n. 2, p. 26-38, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v3i2.370

LUNARDI, M. A.; BILK, Â.; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, M. M. Financial distress e o desempenho econômico, de mercado e financeiro. Revista Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 31, n. 1, p. 85-104, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22561/cvr.v31i1.4853

MODIGLIANI, F.; MILLER, M. H. Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction. The American Economic Review, v. 53, n. 3, p. 433-443, 1963. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1809167?seq=1. Acesso em: 13 jul. 2018.

MODIGLIANI, F.; MILLER, M. H. The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, v. 48, n. 3, p. 261-297, 1958. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1809766?seq=1. Acesso em: 13 jul. 2018.

MOK, H. M.; LAM, K.; CHEUNG, I. Family control and return covariation in Hong Kong's common stocks. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, v. 19, n. 2, p. 277-293, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1992.tb00625.x

MYERS, S. C. The capital structure puzzle. The Journal of Finance, v. 39, n. 3, p. 574-592, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb03646.x

NIGAM, N.; BOUGHANMI, A. Can innovative reforms and practices efficiently resolve financial distress? Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 140, n. 3, p. 1860-1871, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.190

OLIVEIRA, J. L.; ALBUQUERQUE, A. L.; PEREIRA, R. D. Governança, sucessão e profissionalização em uma empresa familiar: (re)arranjando o lugar da família multigeracional. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, v. 14, n. 43, p. 176-192, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v14i43.881

OPLER, T. C.; TITMAN, S. Financial distress and corporate performance. The Journal of Finance, v. 49, n. 3, p. 1015-1040, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1994.tb00086.x

ORO, I. M.; BEUREN, I. M.; HEIN, N. Análise da eficiência de empresas familiares brasileiras. Revista de Administração de Empresas, v. 8, n. 2, p. 1-28, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-56482009000200006

PAMPLONA, E.; SILVA, T. P. da; NAKAMURA, W. T.; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, M. M. Influência da folga financeira no desempenho econômico de empresas familiares e não familiares brasileiras. Revista Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 30, n. 1, p. 43-67, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22561/cvr.v30i1.4590

PINDADO, J.; RODRIGUES, L.; TORRE, C. de la. Estimating financial distress likelihood. Journal of Business Research, v. 61, n. 9, p. 995-1003, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.10.006

PLATT, H. D.; PLATT, M. B. Predicting corporate financial distress: Reflections on choice-based sample bias. Journal of Economics and Finance, v. 26, n. 2, p. 184-199, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02755985

RECHDEN, Claudio N.; MILLER, Kalina B. Company in distress? Directors needn't be-mitigating risks at the Board. The World Bank, 2015. Disponível em: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/167701468328788969/Company-in-distress-Directors-neednt-be-mitigating-risks-at-the-Board. Acesso em: 14 jul. 2018.

REZENDE, F. F.; MONTEZANO, R. M. da S.; OLIVEIRA, F. N. de; LAMEIRA, V. de J. Predicting financial distress in publicly-traded companies. Revista de Contabilidade & Finanças, v. 28, n. 75, p. 490-406, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201704460

RITTA, C. de O.; GORLA, M. C.; HEIN, N. Modelo de regressão logística para análise de risco de crédito em uma instituição de microcrédito produtivo orientado. Iberoamerican Journal of Industrial Engineering, v. 7, n. 13, p. 103-122, 2015.

SABELA, S. W.; BRUMMER, L. M.; HALL, J. H.; WOLMARANS, H. Using fundamental, market and macroeconomic variables to predict financial distress: A study of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, v. 11, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v11i1.168

SALEHI, M.; LOTFI, A.; FARHANGDOUST, S. The effect of financial distress costs on ownership structure and debt policy: An application of simultaneous equations in Iran. Journal of Management Development, v. 36, n. 10, p. 1216-1229, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-01-2017-0029

SANTOS, M. S.; MOREIRA, A. C.; VIEIRA, E. S. Ownership concentration, contestability, family firms, and capital structure. Journal of Management & Governance, v. 18, n. 4, p. 1063-1107, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-013-9272-7

SCHMID, T. Control considerations, creditor monitoring, and the capital structure of family firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, v. 37, n. 2, p. 257-272, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.08.026

SMALL, R.; SMIDT, L.; JOSEPH, A. Financial distress – the responsibility of the professional accountant (SA): Accounting technical. Professional Accountant, v. 2016, n. 27, p. 20-21, 2016. Disponível em: https://journals.co.za/content/account/2016/27/EJC188562. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2018.

SUDARSANAM, S.; LAI, J. Corporate financial distress and turnaround strategies: An empirical analysis. British Journal of Management, v. 12, n. 3, p. 183-199, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00193

VÃTAVU, S. The Impact of capital structure on financial performance in Romanian Listed Companies. Procedia Economics and Finance, v. 32, n. 1, p. 1314-1322, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01508-7

WHITAKER, R. B. The early stages of financial distress. Journal of Economics and Finance, v. 23, n. 2, p. 123-133, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02745946

WRUCK, K. H. Financial distress, reorganization, and organizational efficiency. Journal of Financial Economics, v. 27, n. 1, p. 419-444, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(90)90063-6

Published

2020-07-30

How to Cite

Pamplona, E., Ames, A. C., & Silva, T. P. da. (2020). Capital Structure and financial distress in family and non-family Brazilian companies. Revista Contemporânea De Contabilidade, 17(44), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2020v17n44p17

Issue

Section

Articles