Presence in the Rejection: Africa for the "Umbanda" pioneers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2010v17n23p107Abstract
The text promotes a discussion on how Africa was present and absent in texts of pioneers of Umbanda in Rio de Janeiro. It focuses on the texts that narrate the First Brazilian Congress of Umbanda Spiritism, which took place in 1941, in Rio de Janeiro. The objective is to enhance the thesis of whitening, which determines the constitution of Umbanda during this period. If the pioneers sought to make Umbanda have dominant values, that did not occur because of a complete and simple omission of African references.
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