Trump: media, public opinion and spiral of silence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2017v24n38p396Abstract
After a historic presidential election that lead Donald Trump to be 45th president of the United States, many political scientists analyzed the entire course of presidential candidates' candidacy since the primaries to understand what prompted opinion polls to point to a different outcome. This work seeks to explore the events of this election since the announcement of the candidacies from the perspective of the Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann’s spiral of silence theory and adjacent concepts, seeking to interpolate the role of the media, the profile of the electorate and the influence of these factors on the opinion public in the election.
References
ATTERSON, Thomas E. News Coverage of the 2016 General Election: How the Press Failed the Voters. Shorenstein Center [online]. 07 dez. 2016. Disponível em: https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-general-election/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
BECKETT, Lois; CARROLL, Rory; FISHWICK, Carmen; JAMIESON, Amber; THIELMAN, Sam. The real ‘shy Trump’ vote - how 53% of white women pushed him to victory. The Guardian [online]. 10 nov. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/usnews/2016/nov/10/white-women-donald-trump-victory. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
ENTEN, Harry. Live Polls And Online Polls Tell Different Stories About The Election. FTE [online]. 31 ago. 2016. Disponível em: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/live-pollsand-online-polls-tell-different-stories-about-the-election/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
FARHI, Paul. Mainstream media puts out the call for pro-Trump columnists. TWP [online]. 09 dez. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/mainstream-media-puts-out-the-call-for-pro-trump-columnists/2016/12/09/2153fdd2-bca7-11e6-94ac-3d324840106c_story.html?utm_term=.4c0e9193b39c. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
GDELT Project. 2016 Campaign Television Tracker. GDELT [online]. Disponível em: http://television.gdeltproject.org/cgi-bin/iatv_campaign2016/iatv_campaign2016. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
GOULD, Skye; HARRINGTON, Rebecca. 7 charts show who propelled Trump to victory. Business Insider [online]. 10 nov. 2016. Disponível em: http://www.businessinsider.com/exit-polls-who-voted-for-trump-clinton-2016-11/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
HARRINGTON, Rebecca; BERKE, Jeremy. Here are all the major newspapers that have endorsed Hillary Clinton for president. Business Insider [online]. 07 nov. 2016. Disponível em: http://www.businessinsider.com/hillary-clinton-endorsements-newspaper-editorialboard-president-2016-2016-9/#the-new-york-times-our-endorsement-is-rooted-in-respectfor-her-intellect-experience-toughness-and-courage-over-a-career-of-almost-continuouspublic-service-often-as-the-first-or-only-woman-in-the-arena-1. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
HO, S. S., & McLEOD, D. M. Social-psychological influences on opinion expression in Face-to- face and computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 35(2), 2008.
HUDDLESTON, Tom. The New York Times Has 132,000 Reasons to Thank Donald Trump. Fortune [online]. 02 mar. 2017. Disponível em: http://fortune.com/2016/11/29/newyork-times-subscribers-donald-trump/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
LAFRANCE, Adrienne. ‘Scum,’ ‘Madman,’ and Other Words Used Most in Trump Coverage. The Atlantic [online]. 02 nov. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/11/scum-madman-hater-and-other-words-frequently-used-in-coverage-of-donald-trump/506231/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
LEVINSTON, Steven. Clarifying the CNN effect: An Examination of Media Effects According to Type of Military Intervention. Cambridge: Harvard University. Jun. 1997. Disponível em: https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/r18_livingston. pdf. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
LIPPMANN, Walter. Opinião Pública. São Paulo: Editora Vozes. 2a edição. 2010.
McCOMBS, Maxwell & SHAW, Donald L. The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly. 1972. nº. 36. Disponível em: http://www4.ncsu.edu/~amgutsch/Mccombs.pdf. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
NOELLE-NEUMAN, Elizabeth. The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion. Nova York: Journal of Communication. Jun. 1974. Wiley [online] Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x/abstract. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
PATTERSON, Thomas E. News Coverage of the 2016 General Election: How the Press Failed the Voters. Shorenstein Center [online]. 07 dez. 2016. Disponível em: https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-general-election/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
PAYNE, Gregory J. The Bradley Effect: Mediated Reality of Race and Politics in the 2008U.S. Presidential Election. American Behavioral Scientist, v. 54, nov/dez, 2010.
QUATTROCIOCCHI, Walter; SCALA, Antonio; SUNSTEIN, Cass R. Echo Chambers on Facebook. SSRN [online]. 13 jun. 2016. Disponível em: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2795110 Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
SHEPARD, Steven. Donald Trump might be more popular than you think. POLITICO [online]. 02 mar. 2017. Disponível em: http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/donaldtrump-popularity-polling-234630. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
SWIFT, Art. Americans’ Trust in Mass Media Sinks to New Low. Gallup [online]. 14 set. 2016. Disponível em: http://www.gallup.com/poll/195542/americans-trust-mass-mediasinks-new-low.aspx. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
THOMPSON, Derek. Who Are Donald Trump’s Supporters, Really? The Atlantic [online]. 01 mar. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/who-are-donald-trumps-supporters-really/471714/. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
YOUGOV. Huffington Post [online]. fev. 2017. Disponível em: http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/tabsPeopleLikeYou20170220.pdf. Acessado em: 20 jul. 2017.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Esboços: histories in global contexts adopts an Open Access policy and it is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Authors will be asked to sign an open access license agreement before publication.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors grant the journal Esboços: histórias em contextos globais (ISSN 2175-7976) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
- This license allows users to remix, transform, and build upon the material, on the condition of giving acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- 3.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or a personal website, or publish it as a book chapter or a translation).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.