Evidences, codes and classifications: the historian’s craft and the digital world
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2020.e68270Abstract
This article examines the impact of the global diffusion of digital technologies on the historian’s craft. It is based on an analysis of the linkage between the praxis of the profession and the nature of historical knowledge as stated by some of the greatest historians of the 20th Century. It examines the social nature of language and its role in the constitution of evidences and historical sources, and draws connections between this analysis and the technological advances of “natural language processing”. Is discusses concepts from various branches of the social sciences that are relevant for understanding the developmental process of human knowledge and the role of information codification in the construction of historical narratives. Finally, it presents an overview of the main methodologies in the field of artificial intelligence currently applied to historical research.
References
ALLEN, David et al. Topic Modeling Official Secrecy. History Lab., 2014. Disponível em: http://history-lab.org/images/presentations/Topic_Modeling_OS.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
BBC. Violinista que sofreu acidente há 30 anos volta a tocar com tecnologia criada por brasileiro. BBC, 03 set. 2017. News Brasil. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-41032970. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
BELLMAN, Richard. An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Can Computers Think?. San Francisco: Boyd & Fraser Pub. Co, 1978.
BLOCH, Marc. Apologia da história ou o ofício do historiador. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 2001.
BRUCE, Levine C. Who Built America? Working People and the Nation’s Economy, Politics, Culture, and Society. American Social History Project. 1. ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1989.
BOYD, Albert Douglas; LARSON, Mary. Oral History and Digital Humanities: Voice, Access, and Engagement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
CHARNIAK, Eugene; MCDERMOTT, Drew V. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1985.
COHEN, Daniel J.; ROSENZWEIG, Roy. Digital History: A Guide to Gathering, Preserving, and Presenting the Past on the Web. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
GAIZAUSKAS, Robert; WILKS, Yorick. Information Extraction: Beyond Document Retrieval, International Journal of Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing, Hsinchu, v. 3, n. 2, p. 17-60, Aug. 1998. Disponível em: https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O98-4002.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
GINZBURG, Carlo. Mitos, emblemas, sinais morfologia e história. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cia das Letras, 2002.
GRIFFITHS, Thomas L.; STEYVERS, Mark. Finding Scientific Topics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 101, s. 1, p. 5228-5235, Apr. 2004. Disponível em: https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/101/suppl_1/5228.full.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
GULDI, Jo; ARMITAGE, David. The history Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
HAUGELAND, John. Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.
HOBSBAWM, Eric John Ernest. A Era do Capital: 1848-1875. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2012.
HOLMES, David I.; FORSYTH, Richard S. The Federalist Revisited: New Directions in Authorship Attribution. Literary and Linguistic Computing, Oxford, v. 10, n. 2, p. 111-127, Jan. 1995. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/10.2.111. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE. 2013 Report to the President. Washington: National Archives, 2014. Disponível em: https://fas.org/sgp/isoo/2013rpt.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
JONES, Karen Sparck. Natural Language Processing: A Historical Review. In: ZAMPOLLI, Antonio; CALZOLARI, Nicoletta; PALMER, Martha (ed.). Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: In Honour of Dom Walker. New York: Springer, 1994. p. 3-16. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-35958-8_1. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
KELLY, T. Mills. Teaching History in the Digital Age. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013.
KROEBER, Albert Louis. Lo Superorgánico. In: KAHN, Joan S. (org.). El Concepto de Cultura: Textos Fundamentales. Barcelona: Anagrama, 1975. p. 47-83.
KURZWEIL, Ray. The Age of Intelligent Machines. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.
LANGBART, David; FISCHER, William; ROBERSON, Lisa. Appraisal of Records Covered by N1-59-07-3-P. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 2007.
LI, Gege. DeepMind AI Beats Humans at Deciphering Damaged Ancient Greek Tablets. New Scientist. 18 Oct. 2019. Technology. Disponível em: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2220438-deepmind-ai-beats-humans-at-decipheringdamaged-ancient-greek-tablets/#ixzz62pl5EdOq. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
MANNING, Patrick. Big Data in History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
NELSON, Robert K. Introduction. In: NELSON, Robert K. Mining the Dispatch. Richmond: Digital Scholarship Lab, 2019. Disponível em: https://dsl.richmond.edu/dispatch/pages/intro. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
NEWMAN, David J.; BLOCK, Sharon. Probabilistic Topic Decomposition of an Eighteenth-Century American Newspaper. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Chapel Hill, v. 57, n. 6, p. 753-767, Feb. 2006. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20342. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
PIAGET, Jean. Epistemologia genética. 2. ed. Petropolis: Vozes, 1973.
POOLE, David L.; MACKWORTH, Alan K.; GOEBEL, Randy. Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
PUBLIC INTEREST DECLASSIFICATION BOARD. Transforming the Security Classification System. Washington: National Archives and Records Administration, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.archives.gov/files/declassification/pidb/recommendations/transforming-classification.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
ROSA, Guilherme. Pesquisa de Nicolelis mostra como o cérebro integra objetos externos ao corpo. VEJA. 23 ago. 2013. Ciência. Disponível em: https://veja.abril.com.br/ciencia/pesquisa-de-nicolelis-mostra-como-o-cerebro-integra-objetosexternos-ao-corpo. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
ROSENZWEIG, Roy et al. Who Built America? From the Centennial Celebration of 1876 to the Great War of 1914. American Social History Project. New York: Voyager, 1994. Macintosh Version.
ROSENZWEIG, Roy; THELEN, David P. The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
RUSSEL, Stuart; NORVIG, Peter. Inteligência Artificial. Rio de Janeiro: Campus, 2004.
SAUSSURE, Ferdinand de. Curso de linguística geral. 28. ed. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2007.
ŠKORIĆ, Marko. Alfred Kroeber and the concept of the superorganic. Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, Belgrade, v. 11, n. 1, p. 85-111, Apr. 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.V11I1.4. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
THOMPSON, E. P. A miséria da teoria ou um planetário de erros: uma crítica ao pensamento de Althusser. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1981.
TOLEDO, J. Ignacio et al. Information Extraction from Historical Handwritten Document Images with a Context-aware Neural Model. Pattern Recognition, York, v. 86, p. 27-36, Aug. 2018.
WINSTON, Patrick Henry. Artificial Intelligence: Instructor’s Manual. 3. ed. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1992.
YIN, Zhijun et al. Geographical Topic Discovery and Comparison. In: CONFERENCE ON WORLD WIDE WEB, 20, 2011, New York. Anais eletrônicos [...]. New York: ACM, 2011, p. 247-256. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1145/1963405.1963443. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Esboços: histories in global contexts adopts an Open Access policy and it is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Authors will be asked to sign an open access license agreement before publication.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors grant the journal Esboços: histórias em contextos globais (ISSN 2175-7976) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
- This license allows users to remix, transform, and build upon the material, on the condition of giving acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- 3.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or a personal website, or publish it as a book chapter or a translation).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.