Carl Schmitt's false trilemma and the compatibility between legal positivism and the ideal of constitutional democracy

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2022e91778

Keywords:

Legal positivism, Constitutional democracy, Rule of law, Normativism, Decisionism

Abstract

In his work On the three types of juristic thought, Carl Schmitt presents legal positivism as normativistic in its structure but decisionist in its practical consequences. The way he suggested to avoid decisionism was to think of law not as an abstract system of rules but primarily as a concrete order. In this paper, we intend first to show that the three alternatives of legal theory described by Schmitt — namely, normativism, decisionism and his proposed theory based on the concrete order — are incompatible with the institutional realization of the ideal of a constitutional democracy as conceived by John Rawls. Then, with this problem in view, we construct a fourth alternative of legal theory from the work of H. L. A. Hart and Neil MacCormick, which is a kind of non-normativistic legal positivism that is free both from the decisionist implications of theories like Kelsen’s and from the dependence on anything like Schmitt’s concrete order. Our last step is to check the compatibility of this fourth alternative with the realization of the rawlsian ideal of constitutional democracy as well as the latter’s institutional viability.

Author Biographies

Wladimir Barreto Lisboa, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Professor associado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Ex-coordenador da Pós-Graduação em Filosofia (2017-2019). Pesquisador do corpo permanente do programa de pós-graduação (mestrado e doutorado) em Filosofia da UFRGS. Pós-Doutorado, bolsista CAPES, junto à Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne. Possui Doutorado em Filosofia - Université de Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne) (2005), Mestrado em Filosofia pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (1996) e graduação em Direito pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (1987). Tem experiência na área do Direito e da Filosofia, com ênfase em Filosofia do Direito, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Filosofia do Direito Contemporânea, Thomas Hobbes, século XVII.

Paulo Baptista Caruso Macdonald, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Professor adjunto da UFRGS, com atuação na Faculdade de Direito e no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Foi pesquisador visitante na Équipe NoSoPhi (Normes, Sociétés, Philosophies - Université de Paris I - Panthéon-Sorbonne), no Law & Philosophy Group (Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona) e no Departamento de Filosofia da Universidade da Pensilvânia (na condição de bolsista do Fulbright Program). Possui graduação em Direito pela UFRGS (2005), mestrado em Filosofia pela UFRGS (2010), Master of Law (LLM) pela Universidade de Cambridge (2009) e doutorado em Filosofia pela UFRGS (2013). Tem experiência nas áreas de Teoria do Direito e Filosofia Política.

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Published

2023-03-16

Issue

Section

Dossiê Positivismo Jurídico / Legal Positivism