Freedom of expression, public sphere, digital platforms and social media

Abstract

In the contemporary era, the discourse surrounding the imperative nature of endowing freedom of expression with an absolute character, devoid of any restrictions or limitations, reverberates. Within this framework, the present essay endeavors to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the moral and philosophical arguments that serve as the foundation for conceptualizing freedom of expression as an absolute right. Firstly, drawing upon the theoretical contributions of Milton and Mill, I seek to present and examine the problematic issues associated with the thesis that upholds the indispensability of freedom of expression in its absolute nature, based on the belief that only in this manner can an unrestricted marketplace of ideas be fostered, wherein truth would triumph indisputably. Subsequently, a critical analysis is launched into the thesis that advocates for the absolute freedom of expression, emphasizing its profound significance in the pursuit of individual self-realization. This analysis encompasses an exploration of Scanlon's theses, thereby elucidating the potential challenges stemming from the application of the Millian principle. Furthermore, building upon the intellectual contributions of Habermas, the inquiry delves into the realm of argumentation positing that platforms and social media outlets do not authentically embody the public sphere. Thus, the unconditional defense of freedom of expression, as mediated by these digital mediums, does not primarily endeavor to foster the pursuit of truth or, to a greater extent, facilitate individual self-realization. In conclusion, considering the premises set forth, I advocate for the regulation of platforms and social media, establishing a joint responsibility of these entities with respect to the content disseminated by their users. From this perspective, we aspire that freedom of expression, exercised through these virtual channels, attains its transformative potential in the realm of public debate, stimulating an authentic and honest public discourse, capable of facilitating the solid and well-founded construction of public opinion and collective will.