Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the city of Tete, Mozambique, in 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2021.e75412Abstract
Dental fluorosis is an endemic disease, prevalent in about 25 countries worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the City of Tete, Mozambique, in 2013. An epidemiological, observational descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 369 residents of the City of Tete, aged 2-34 years, in the period of 2013. Participants signed an informed consent form. The assessment of dental fluorosis was performed by two trained and calibrated examiners (inter and intra-examiner Kappa >0.7) using the Dean Index. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 88.1%, more frequently in females, at 49.1%. The most affected age groups were 5-11 years old, in 20.6%, and 12-18 years old, in 18.8%. There was a higher occurrence of mild cases, aged 5-11 years in 16.6% and moderate cases in the age group 12-18 years, in 14.5%. The study suggests a high prevalence of dental fluorosis in the city of Tete, with a predominance of the mild degree, in the age group of 5-11 years, in females.
References
AJIBOYE, A. S.; DAWSON, D. R., 3RD; FOX, C. H. American Association for Dental Research Policy Statement on Community Water Fluoridation. Journal of Dental Research, v. 97, n. 12, p. 1293-1296, Nov. 2018.
AZAMI-AGHDASH, S.; GHOJAZADEH, M.; POURNAGHI AZAR, F.; NAGHAVI-BEHZAD, M. et al. Fluoride concentration of drinking waters and prevalence of fluorosis in iran: a systematic review. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects, v.7, n. 1, p. 1-7, fev 2013.
BELTRÁN-AGUILAR, E. D.; BARKER, L.; DYE, B. A. Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004. NCHS Data Brief, n. 53, p. 1-8, nov 2010.
DEMELASH, H.; BEYENE, A.; ABEBE, Z.; MELESE, A. Fluoride concentration in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1298, oct 16 2019.
FEJERSKOV, O.; LARSEN, M. J.; RICHARDS, A.; BAELUM, V. Dental tissue effects of fluoride. Adv Dent Res, v. 8, n. 1, p. 15-31, jun 1994.
FIREMPONG, C.; NSIAH, K.; AWUNYO-VITOR, D.; DONGSOGO, J. Soluble fluoride levels in drinking water-a major risk factor of dental fluorosis among children in Bongo community of Ghana. Ghana Med J, v. 47, n. 1, p. 16-23, mar 2013.
FRAZÃO, P.; PERES, M. A.; CURY, J. A. Drinking water quality and fluoride concentration. Rev Saude Publica, v. 45, n. 5, p. 964-973, oct 2011.
GARCÍA-PÉREZ, Á.; IRIGOYEN-CAMACHO, M. E.; BORGES-YÁÑEZ, S. A.; ZEPEDA-ZEPEDA, M. A. et al. Impact of caries and dental fluorosis on oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren receiving water naturally fluoridated at above-optimal levels. Clin Oral Investig, v. 21, n. 9, p. 2771-2780, dec 2017.
GOODARZI, F.; MAHVI, A. H.; HOSSEINI, M.; NEDJAT, S. et al. The prevalence of dental fluorosis and exposure to fluoride in drinking water: A systematic review. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects, v. 10, n. 3, p. 127-135, aug 2016.
GROBLERI, S. R.; LOUW, A. J.; VAN KOTZE, T. J. Dental fluorosis and caries experience in relation to three different drinking water fluoride levels in South Africa. Int J Paediatr Dent, v. 11, n. 5, p. 372-379, sep 2001.
IHEOZOR-EJIOFOR, Z.; WORTHINGTON, H. V.; WALSH, T.; O'MALLEY, L. et al. Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, v. 18, n. 6, p. Cd010856, Jun 2015.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTATÍSTICA. Anuário Estatístico - Instituto Nacional de Estatística 2011. Disponível em: http://www.ine.gov.mz/estatisticas/publicacoes/anuario/nacionais/anuario-estatistco-statistical-yearbook-2011/view. Acesso 13 jul 2021.
LIMA, I. F. P.; NÓBREGA, D. F.; CERICATO, G. O.; ZIEGELMANN, P. K. et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in regions supplied with non-fluoridated water in the Brazilian territory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cien Saude Colet, v. 24, n. 8, p. 2909-2922, aug 2019.
MAPENGO, M. A. A. Condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes de Maputo, Moçambique. Dissertação de Mestrado - Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, 2010.
MENYA, D.; MAINA, S. K.; KIBOSIA, C.; KIGEN, N. et al. Dental fluorosis and oral health in the African Esophageal Cancer Corridor: Findings from the Kenya ESCCAPE case-control study and a pan-African perspective. Int J Cancer, v. 145, n. 1, p. 99-109, jul 1 2019.
MINISTÉRIO DA TERRA, AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL. Perfil ambiental distrital de Cidade de Tete. Disponível em: https://biofund.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/1547451805Copy%20of%2015065_2014_F3_PA14_001_0_CTete.pdf. Acesso em: 13 jul 2021.
MOIMAZ, S. A.; SALIBA, O.; MARQUES, L. B.; GARBIN, C. A. et al. Dental fluorosis and its influence on children's life. Braz Oral Res, v. 29, n. 1, p. 1-7, jan 2015.
OKOYE, L. O.; EKWUEME, O. C.; SOTE, E. O.; AMAECHI, B. T. Prevalence of dental fluorosis among 12-15-year-old students in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Indian J Dent Res, v. 30, n. 3, p. 462-467, may./jun 2019.
ONORIOBE, U.; ROZIER, R. G.; CANTRELL, J.; KING, R. S. Effects of enamel fluorosis and dental caries on quality of life. J Dent Res, v. 93, n. 10, p. 972-979, oct 2014.
RIPA, L. W. A critique of topical fluoride methods (dentifrices, mouthrinses, operator-, and self-applied gels) in an era of decreased caries and increased fluorosis prevalence. J Public Health Dent, v. 51, n. 1, p. 23-41, feb 1991.
SHEKAR, C.; CHELUVAIAH, M. B.; NAMILE, D. Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis among 12 and 15 years old school children in relation to fluoride concentration in drinking water in an endemic fluoride belt of Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Public Health, v. 56, n. 2, p. 122-128, Apr-Jun 2012.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality – fourth edition. Geneva: 2011. Disponível em: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548151-eng.pdf. Acesso 12 feb 2012.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 4. ed. geneva: WHO, 1997. p. 66. APÊNDICES I – Consentimento informado
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
De acordo com a lei n° 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, o(s) autor(es) da OBRA encaminhada, doravante designado(s) CEDENTE, declara(m) tê-la lido e a aprovado na sua totalidade e concorda(m) em submetê-la à Extensio: Revista Eletrônica de Extensão, doravante designada CESSIONÁRIA, para avaliação e possível publicação como resultados originais. Esta declaração implica que a OBRA, independente do idioma, não foi submetida a outros periódicos ou revistas com a mesma finalidade.
O CEDENTE declara que a OBRA não infringe direitos autorais e/ou outros direitos de propriedade de terceiros, que a divulgação de imagens (caso existam) foi autorizada e que assume integral responsabilidade moral e/ou patrimonial pelo seu conteúdo perante terceiros.
O CEDENTE, por meio desta, cede e transfere, de forma gratuita, o direito de reprodução gráfica, divulgação e indexação da OBRA em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais à CESSIONÁRIA, tenha a OBRA o título descrito acima ou o título que posteriormente venha a ser adotado, para atender às sugestões de editores e revisores.
O CEDENTE compromete-se em anexar, como Documento Suplementar, nesta plataforma, a fotocópia do Termo de concordância e cessão de direitos de reprodução assinado pelo(s) autor(es), que pode ser obtido neste link.
O CEDENTE está ciente de que esta obra será licenciada, através do Creative Commons 
, para Extensio: R. Eletr. de Extensão, ISSN: 1807-0221, do DPE/PRPE/UFSC.
