Revisitando Victor Hugo para conhecer os trabalhadores do mar no século XXI

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4582.2019.e52513

Resumo

No contexto do sesquicentenário da publicação do clássico Os trabalhadores do Mar, de Victor Hugo, o ensaio tem como objetivo evidenciar e analisar aqueles que trabalharam e trabalham no mar, respectivamente no século XIX e XXI, tendo como eixo analítico e comparativo as características das atividades laborais exercidas em ambos os períodos. O ensaio está estruturado em duas seções secundárias. Na primeira delas buscou-se evidenciar os trabalhadores do mar, nos séculos XIX e XXI. Na seção seguinte são analisadas e comparadas as características das atividades marítimas, nos dois períodos considerados, visando identificar as suas recorrências e singularidades. Ao longo da análise e da comparação efetuadas são também discutidas questões relativas à segurança, jornada de trabalho, afastamento familiar, condições de conforto e a presença de mulheres como parte das tripulações dos navios mercantes e de guerra.

Biografia do Autor

Marcos Valle Machado da Silva, Escola de Guerra Naval (EGN)

PhD em Ciência política (UFF).

Professor da Escola de Guerrra Naval (EGN).

Referências

BOSWELL, James. The Life of Samuel Johnson. Londres: Richard Clay & Sons, 1906. Disponível em: https://ia801409.us.archive.org/24/items/lifeofsamueljohn00boswuoft/lifeofsamueljohn00boswuoft.pdf. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2017.

BRASIL. Marinha do Brasil. Diretoria de Portos e Costas. Fatos da História Naval. Rio de Janeiro, 1971.

BRASIL. Marinha do Brasil. Estado-Maior da Armada. Doutrina Básica da Marinha (DBM). Brasília: 2014.

CALDAS, Thais Evangelista de Assis. Os Argonautas, de Apolônio de Rodes, e a tradição literária. In: Codex – v.1, n.2, 2009, p. 85-104.

CHRYSSANTHAKOPOULOS, Charris. A Student Perspective: The four pillars of the international regulatory regime for quality shipping and the Greek paradigm. In: Maritime at Greenwich (April 14, 2014). Disponível em:

FILGUEIRAS, Carlos Alberto Lombardi; MARTINS, Ricardo Vieira. A Invasão Francesa ao Rio de Janeiro em1711 sob a análise da Cartografia Histórica. In: I Simpósio Brasileiro de Cartografia Histórica, Paraty, 2011. Disponível em: https://www.ufmg.br/rededemuseus/crch/simposio/MARTINS_RICARDO_V_E_FILGUEIRAS_CARLOS_ALBERTO_L.pdf. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2017.

GUERNSEY INFORMATION CENTRE. Victor Hugo. Disponível em: http://www.visitguernsey.com/victor-hugo. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2017.

HEMINGWAY, Ernest. O Velho e o Mar. 88ª ed. Rio de janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2016.

HOMERO. Odisseia. São Paulo: Martin Claret, 2010.

HUGO, Victor-Marie. Os Trabalhadores do Mar. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1979.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC). International Maritime Bureau. Disponível em: https://icc-ccs.org/icc/imb. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC). International Maritime Bureau. Piracy & Armed Robbery News & Figures. Disponível em: https://icc-ccs.org/piracy-reporting-centre/piracynewsafigures. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING (ICS). Comparison of CO2 Emissions by Different Modes of Transport. Disponível em: http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/environmental-performance/comparison-of-co2-emissions-by-different-modes-of-transport. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING (ICS). Lives Lost at Sea. Disponível em: http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/safety-and-regulation/lives-lost-at-sea. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING (ICS). Number and Nationality of World's Seafarers. Disponível em: http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/shipping-and-world-trade/number-and-nationality-of-world's-seafarers. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING (ICS). Shipping and World Trade. Overview. Disponível em: http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/shipping-and-world-trade. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO). International Labour Standards on Seafarers. Disponível em: http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/subjects-covered-by-international-labour-standards/seafarers/lang--en/index.htm. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO). Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. Disponível em: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@normes/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_090250.pdf. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO). Ratifications of MLC, 2006 - Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006). Disponível em: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11300:0::NO::P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312331. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO). International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Disponível em: http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Prevention-of-Pollution-from-Ships-(MARPOL).aspx. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO). International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974. Disponível em: http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Safety-of-Life-at-Sea-(SOLAS),-1974.aspx. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO). International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978. Disponível em: http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/HumanElement/TrainingCertification/Pages/STCW-Convention.aspx. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT WORKERS' FEDERATION. Women Seafarers. Disponível em: http://www.itfseafarers.org/ITI-women-seafarers.cfm. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2017.

OCEAN PORTAL. Gulf Oil Spill. Disponível em: http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY.COM. The world's worst offshore oil rig disasters. Disponível em: http://www.offshore-technology.com/features/feature-the-worlds-deadliest-offshore-oil-rig-disasters-4149812/. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

ROYAL NAVY. Type 45 Destroyer. Disponível em: http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/the-equipment/ships/destroyers/type-45-destroyer. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2017.

STATES OF GUERNSEY. The Bailiwick of Guernsey. Disponível em: https://www.gov.gg/article/120176/Information-on-the-location-of-the-islands-and-their-constitution. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2017.

STATISTA. Number of offshore rigs worldwide as of 2015, by region. Disponível em: http://www.statista.com/statistics/279100/number-of-offshore-rigs-worldwide-by-region/. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2017.

THE HISTORY OF PARLIAMENT. Member Biographies. Thompson, Sir john, 1st Bt. (1648-1710), of Haversham, Bucks. And Upper Gatton, Surr. Disponível em: http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/thompson-sir-john-1648-1710. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2017.

TILL, Geoffrey. Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2013.

UNITED NATIONS. Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. Disponível em: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf. Acesso em: 26 jul. 2017.

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD). Review of Maritime Transport 2015. Disponível em: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/rmt2015_en.pdf. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2017.

UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (2014). Disponível em: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720e.pdf. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2017.

UNITED STATES NAVAL INSTITUTE. USNI News (June 22, 2015). First Female Enlisted Sailors to Serve Aboard Submarine USS Michigan Selected. Disponível em: https://news.usni.org/2015/06/22/first-female-enlisted-sailors-to-serve-aboard-submarine-uss-michigan-selected. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2017.

WEBLEY, Kayla. Just How Dangerous Are Oil Rigs, Anyway? In: Time, Saturday, Apr. 24, 2010. Disponível em: http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1984296,00.html. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017.

WELSH, Chris. Timeless Myths. Women on Board Ship - Bad Luck. Disponível em: http://www.timelessmyths.co.uk/women-board-ship-bad-luck.html. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2017.

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM. Where are the world’s oil rigs? Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/where-are-the-worlds-oil-rigs/. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.

WORLD OCEAN REVIEW. Oil and Gas from the Sea. Disponível em: http://worldoceanreview.com/wp-content/downloads/wor3/WOR3_chapter_1.pdf. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.

WORLD WILDLIFE FUND (WWF). Working for Sustainable Fishing. Disponível em: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/how_we_work/our_global_goals/oceans/solutions/sustainable_fisheries/. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2017.

Downloads

Publicado

2019-12-16

Edição

Seção

Artigos