Gramaticalização, variação, multifuncionalidade e tudo: circunscrição da variável discursivo-pragmática e tal

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/1984-8420.2021e76845

Resumo

À luz de uma interface variação-gramaticalização, os objetivos deste estudo são: (i) descrever e exemplificar duas das estratégias que podem ser adotadas para a delimitação de uma variável linguística – a perspectiva da variação estrita e a perspectiva de percurso de gramaticalização; (ii) aplicar a perspectiva de percurso de gramaticalização à delimitação de uma variável discursivo-pragmática, a extensão geral. Essa variável pode ser considerada um macrodomínio funcional que agrega formas cujas funções são provenientes de um processo de gramaticalização que se desenvolveu entre dois microdomínios. Os extensores gerais tomados como variantes são E TAL e E TUDO. Os dados foram extraídos do Banco de Dados FALA-Natal. Mostramos que variáveis discursivo-pragmáticas podem ser circunscritas em consonância com a perspectiva de percurso de gramaticalização, mais especificamente aquela que leva em conta a distinção entre macro e microdomínios funcionais. A aplicação dessa estratégia para dar conta da multifuncionalidade de formas discursivo-pragmáticas permite um tratamento uniforme à variação em todos os níveis da língua.

Biografia do Autor

Maria Alice Tavares, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Doutora em Linguística pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Professora do Departamento de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte e da Pós-graduação em Estudos da Linguagem da mesma instituição. Seus campos de interesse de pesquisa são: sociofuncionalismo, sociolinguística comparativa, interface variação-gramaticalização, gêneros textuais em entrevistas sociolinguísticas. 

Ana Clarissa Viana Duarte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Mestre em Estudos da Linguagem pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Linguagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Realiza pesquisas na área de sociolinguística, especialmente em interface variação-gramaticalização. Aborda os seguintes temas: extensores gerais, gramaticalização, conectores, gênero textual. 

Referências

AIJMER, Karin. English discourse particles: evidence from a corpus. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002.

AIJMER, Karin. General extenders. In: AIJMER, Karin. Understanding pragmatic markers: a variational pragmatic approach. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. p. 127-147.

ANDERSEN, Gisle. Using the corpus-driven method to chart discourse-pragmatic change. In: PICHLER, Heike (Ed.). Discourse-pragmatic variation and change in English: new methods and insights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. p. 21-40.

BRINTON, Laurel. Pragmatic markers in English: grammaticalization and discourse functions. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 1996.

BRINTON, Laurel. Pathways in the development of pragmatic markers in English. In: VAN KEMENADE, Ans; LOS, Battelou (Eds.). The handbook of the history of English. London: Blackwell, 2006. p. 307-334.

BYBEE, Joan; PERKINS, Revere; PAGLIUCA, William. The evolution of grammar: tense, aspect and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994.

CHESHIRE, Jenny. Discourse variation, grammaticalization and stuff like that. Journal of Sociolinguistics, New Jersey, 11, n. 2, p. 155-193, apr. 2007.

CHESHIRE, Jenny. Epilogue: the future of discourse-pragmatic variation and change research. In: PICHLER, Heike (Ed.). Discourse-pragmatic variation and change in English: new methods and insights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. p. 252-266.

DEGAND, Liesbeth; EVERS-VERMEUL, Jacqueline. Grammaticalization or pragmaticalization of discourse marker? More than a terminological issue. Journal of Historical Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 16, n. 1, p. 59-85, apr. 2015.

DENIS, Derek. The development of pragmatic markers in Canadian English. Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto. Dissertation. 2015.

DIEWALD, Gabriele. Discourse particles and modal particles as grammatical elements. In: FISCHER, Kerstin (Ed.). Approaches to discourse particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006. p. 403-425.

DINES, Elizabeth R. Variation in discourse – ‘and stuff like that’. Language in Society, Cambridge, v. 9, n. 1, p. 13-31, apr. 1980.

FERNÁNDEZ, Julieta. General extenders use in spoken Peninsular Spanish: metapragmatic awareness and pedagogical implications. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, Abingdon, v. 2, n. 1, p. 1-17, apr. 2015.

GIVÓN, Talmy. Functionalism and grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1995.

GIVÓN, Talmy. Syntax: an introduction. v. 1 e 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001a/ b.

GIVÓN, Talmy. Bio-linguistics: the Santa Barbara lectures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002.

GIVÓN, Talmy. Ute reference grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2011.

GÖRSKI, Edair Maria; TAVARES, Maria Alice. O objeto de estudo na interface variação-gramaticalização. In: BAGNO, Marcos; CASSEB-GALVÃO, Vânia; REZENDE, Tânia Ferreira Rezende (Orgs.). Dinâmicas funcionais da mudança linguística. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2017. p. 35-63.

HEINE, Bernd; KUTEVA, Tania. The genesis of grammar: a reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

HOPPER, Paul; TRAUGOTT, Elizabeth Closs. Grammaticalization. 2nd. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

LABOV, William. Where does the linguistic variable stop? A response to Beatriz Lavandera. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, Austin, v. 44, p. 1-17, apr. 1978.

LABOV, William. The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change, Cambridge, v. 2, n. 2, p. 205-254, july. 1990.

LABOV, William. Principles of linguistic change: social factors. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

LAVANDERA, Beatriz. Where does the sociolinguistic variable stop? In: Language in Society, Cambridge, v. 7, n. 2, p. 171-82, aug. 1978.

KUTEVA, Tania et al. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

MARTÍNEZ, Ignacio M. Palacios. “I might, I mitght go I mean it depends on money things and stuff. A preliminary analysis of general extenders in British teenagers’ discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 43, n. 9, p. 2452-2470, jul. 2011.

MIHATSCH, Wiltrud. The approximators French comme, Italian come, Portuguese como e Spanish como from a grammaticalization perspective. In: ROSSARI, Corinne; RICCI, Claudia; SPIRIDON, Adriana (Eds.). Grammaticalization and pragmatics: facts, approaches, theoretical issues. United Kindon: Emerald, 2009. p. 65-91.

OVERSTREET, Maryann. Whales, candlelight and stuff like that. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

OVERSTREET, Maryann. And stuff und so: Investigating pragmatic expressions in English and German. Journal of Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 37, n. 11, p. 1845-1864, nov. 2005.

OVERSTREET, Maryann. The role of pragmatic function in the grammaticalization of English general extenders. Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 24, n. 1, p. 105-129, mar. 2014.

PICHLER, Heike. The structure of discourse-pragmatic variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2013.

PICHLER, Heike (Ed.). Discourse-pragmatic variation and change in English: new methods and insights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

PICHLER, Heike; LEVEY, Stephen. In search of grammaticalization in synchronic dialect data: general extenders in northeast England. English Language and Linguistics, Cambridge, v. 15, n. 3, p. 441-471, nov. 2011.

POPLACK, Shana; TAGLIAMONTE, Sali A. Nothing in context: variation, grammaticization and past time marking in Nigerian Pidgin English. In: BAKER, Philip; SYEA, Anand (Eds.). Changing meanings, changing functions. Papers relating to grammaticization in contact languages. London: University of Westminster Press, 1996. p. 71-94.

POPLACK, Shana; TAGLIAMONTE, Sali A. The grammaticization of going to in (African American) English. Language Variation and Change, Cambridge, v. 11, n. 3, p. 315-342, oct. 2000.

SANKOFF, Gillian. Above and beyond phonology in variable rules. In: BAILEY, Charles-James N.; SHUY, Roger W. (Eds.). New ways of analyzing variation in English. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1973. p. 42-62.

SANKOFF, Gillian. Variability and explanation in language and culture: cliticization in New Guinea Tok Pisin. In: SAVILLE-TROIKE, Muriel (Ed.). Linguistics and anthropology. Washington: Gergetown University Press, 1977. p. 59-73.

SANKOFF, Gillian. The genesis of a language. In: HILL, Kenneth C. (Ed.). The genesis of language. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, 1979. p. 23-47.

SCHWENTER, Scott A.; TORRES CACOULLOS, Rena. Defaults and indeterminacy in temporal grammaticalization: the ‘perfect’ road to perfective. Language Variation and Change, Cambridge, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-39, mar. 2008.

SECOVA, Maria. Discourse-pragmatic variation in Paris French and London English: Insights from general extenders. Journal of Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 114, p. 1-15, jun. 2017.

SIMON-VANDENBERGEN, Anne-Marie; WILLEMS, Dominique. Crosslinguistic data as evidence in the grammaticalization debate: the case of discourse markers. Linguistics, Berlin, v. 49, n. 2, p. 333-364, mar. 2011.

TAGLIAMONTE, Sali A. Antecedents of innovation: exploring general extenders in conservative dialects. In: PICHLER, Heike (Ed.). Discourse-pragmatic variation and change in English: new methods and insights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. p. 115-138.

TAGLIAMONTE, Sali A.; SMITH, Jennifer. Layering, competition and a twist of fate: deontic modality in dialects of English. Diachronica, Amsterdam, v. 23, n. 2, p. 341-380, dec. 2006.

TAGLIAMONTE, Sali A.; D’ARCY, Alexandra. Peaks beyond phonology: adolescents, incrementation, and language change. Language, Washington, v. 85, n. 1, p. 58-107, dec. 2009.

TAGLIAMONTE, Sali A.; DENIS, Derek. The stuff of change: General extenders in Toronto, Canada. Journal of English Linguistics, Los Angeles, v. 38, n. 4, p. 335-368, may. 2010.

TERRASCHKE, Agnes; HOLMES, Janet. ‘Und tralala”: vagueness and general extenders in German and New Zealand English. In: CUTTING, Joan (Ed.). Vague language explored. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007. p. 198-220.

TORRES CACOULLOS, Rena. Variation and grammaticalization. In: DÍAZ-CAMPOS, Manuel (Ed.). The handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. p. 148-167.

WAGNER, Suzanne Evans et al. Quantifying the referential function of general extenders in North American English. Language in Society, Cambridge, v. 44, n. 5, p. 705-731, novr. 2015.

WATERS, Cathleen. Practical strategies for elucidating discourse-pragmatic variation. In: PICHLER, Heike (Ed.). Discourse-pragmatic variation and change in English: new methods and insights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. p. 41-55.

Publicado

2021-09-13