LC³ Cement
Systematic Literature Review and XRD Characterization of Regional Soils
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8018.2025.e109951%20Abstract
The decarbonization of civil construction drives the search for alternative materials. In this context, this study assesses the feasibility of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC³) using tropical soils in their natural condition. The research adopts a mixed methodology: a systematic literature review using the Systematic Search Flow (SSF) method and the mineralogical characterization of soils from Londrina (PR, Brazil). The survey across Compendex, Web of Science, and Scopus databases mapped 68 studies and identified a scientific gap: the predominance of research on beneficiated clays, neglecting the logistic potential of raw soil. In the experimental stage, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) served as a screening tool. Results indicate that local soils (Latosoil and Nitosoil) possess the essential crystalline phases—kaolinite and gibbsite—for LC³ production. The obtained mineralogical validation supports the progression to calcination and mechanical testing stages, pointing to the use of unbeneficiated regional soils as a viable strategy for developing countries.
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Copyright (c) 2025 HUMBERTO VICENTIN NETO, Alex Morin Carneiro, Vitor Hugo Astun Dionísio, Berenice Marins Toralles, Luana Toralles Carbonari (Autor)

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