The Arrogant Eye and the French Prohibitions of the Veil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2019v18n2p159Resumo
Evânia Reich presents the argument that the veil laws in France—the banning of the full-face coverings in public and the banning of the headscarf in public schools—are consistent with the emancipatory project of French Laïcité. According to this argument, the veils that Muslim women wear are symbols of their oppression, whereas French education seeks to liberate each individual and Laïcité serves as a bulwark against the creeping oppressive influence of religion. Unveiling Muslim women, then, is an act of emancipation. In this essay, I argue that the view of French secularism as an emancipatory project to free women of the oppressive mechanism of the veil is an example of what Marilyn Frye calls the “arrogant eye.” In this essay, I offer an alternative approach on the veil following Frye’s notion of the “loving eye.”
Referências
“First Woman Fined in Denmark for Wearing Full-Face Veil.” The Guardian, August 3, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/first-woman-fined-in-denmark-for-wearing-full-face-veil.
“The Islamic Veil Across Europe.” BBC News, December 6, 2016. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13038095.
“Violence against Women.” World Health Organization, November 29, 2017. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women.
Abu-Lughod, Lila. “Do Muslim Women Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others.” American Anthropologist 104, no. 3 (Sep. 2002): 783-790.
Al-Saji, Alia. “The Racialization of Muslim Veils: A Philosophical Analysis.” Philosophy and Social Criticism 36, no. 8 (2010): 875-902.
Asad, Talal. “Trying to Understand French Secularism.” In Political Theologies: Public Religions in a Post-Secular World, edited by Hent de Vries and Lawrence Eugene Sullivan, 494-527. New York: Fordham University Press, 2009.
Fanon, Frantz. A Dying Colonialism. Translated by Haakon Chevalier. New York: Grove Press, 1965.
Franz, Barbara. “Europe’s Muslim Youth: An Inquiry into the Politics of Discrimination, Relative Deprivation, and Identity Formation.” Mediterranean Quarterly 18, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 89-112.
Frye, Marilyn. “In and Out of Harm’s Way: Arrogance and Love.” In The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory, 52-83. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press, 1983.
Laborde, Cécile. Critical Republicanism: The Hijab Controversy and Political Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Lugones, María. “Playfulness, ‘World’-Travelling, and Loving Perception.” Hypatia 2, no.2 (Summer 1987): 3-19.
Parekh, Bhikhu. European Liberalism and the Muslim Question. Leiden: Amsterdam University Press, 2008.
Plenel, Edwy. For the Muslims: Islamophobia in France. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2016.
Reich, Evânia. “O Republicanismo Laico Francês e a Proibição do Véu.” Ethic@ 14, no. 2 (July 2015): 199-221.
Scott, Joan Wallach. The Politics of the Veil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
Waiselfisz, Julio Jacobo. Mapa da Violência 2015: Homicídio de Mulheres no Brasil. Brasilia: UNESCO Brasil, 2015.
Fanon, Frantz. A Dying Colonialism. Translated by Haakon Chevalier. New York: Grove Press, 1965.
Franz, Barbara. “Europe’s Muslim Youth: An Inquiry into the Politics of Discrimination, Relative Deprivation, and Identity Formation.” Mediterranean Quarterly 18, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 89-112.
Fredette, Jennifer. Constructing Muslims in France: Discourse, Public Identity, and the Politics of Citizenship. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2014.
Frye, Marilyn. “In and Out of Harm’s Way: Arrogance and Love.” In The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory, 52-83. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press, 1983.
Gunaranta, Rohan, Jolene Jerard, and Lawrence Rubin, eds. Terrorist Rehabilitation and Counter-Radicalisation: New Approaches to Counter-Terrorism. London: Routledge, 2013.
Laborde, Cécile. Critical Republicanism: The Hijab Controversy and Political Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Lugones, María. “Playfulness, ‘World’-Travelling, and Loving Perception.” Hypatia 2, no.2 (Summer 1987): 3-19.
Kim, David Haekwon and Ronald R. Sundstrom. “Xenophobia and Racism.” Critical Philosophy of Race 2, no.1 (2014): 20-45.
Parekh, Bhikhu. European Liberalism and the Muslim Question. Leiden: Amsterdam University Press, 2008.
Pellitier, Ian R. et. al. “Why ISIS’ Messaging Resonates: Leveraging Islam, Sociopoliitcal Catalyst, and Adaptive Messaging.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 39, no. 10 (June 2016): 871-899.
Plenel, Edwy. For the Muslims: Islamophobia in France. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2016.
Reich, Evânia. “O Republicanismo Laico Francês e a Proibiςāo do Vēu.” Ethic@ 14, no. 2 (July 2015): 199-221.
Schuurman, Bart, Edwin Bakker, and Quirine Eijkman. “Structural Influences on Involvement of European Homegrown Jihadism: A Case Study.” Terrorism and Political Violence 30, no. 1 (May 2016): 97-115.
Scott, Joan Wallach. The Politics of the Veil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
Sheth, Falguni. Toward a Political Philosophy of Race. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2009.
Waiselfisz, Julio Jacobo. Mapa da Violência 2015: Homicídio de Mulheres no Brasil. Brasilia: UNESCO Brasil, 2015.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
This obra is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional
