Dependent Capitalism and Sanitation: Analysis of Copasa’s Trajectory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0259.2025.e107314Keywords:
sanitation, marxist dependency theory, copasa, financializationAbstract
This article offers a critical analysis of the trajectory of the Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (Copasa) as an expression of the structural contradictions of basic sanitation within the context of dependent capitalism in Brazil. Grounded in Marxist Dependency Theory and the historical-structural method, the research combines critical theory, document analysis, and interviews with Copasa managers to understand how sanitation has been institutionally shaped as part of the general conditions for capital reproduction in peripheral formations. The findings reveal that the financialization of Copasa—initiated under the Planasa program in the 1970s and deepened through its public offering—has subordinated the universalization of water and sanitation services to the imperatives of capital valorization, transforming social rights into profit-oriented financial assets. The study concludes that the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation is constrained by structural mediations that articulate dependency, authoritarian legacy, and market rationality, thus requiring critical approaches that go beyond technical-normative frameworks to confront the material foundations of inequality in sanitation access.
References
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