Anarquismo e não-dominação

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2021.e77729

Resumo

Neste artigo recuperamos temas republicanos, como não-dominação, tirania e escravidão, no anarquismo clássico, para expor os limites da revitalização republicana neorromana contemporânea. Para anarquistas, o Estado-nação moderno e a propriedade privada são antitéticos à liberdade como não-dominação, atuando como limites estruturais à liberdade em vez de como meios para sua realização. Reanalisamos os fundamentos dessa crítica, propondo dois argumentos. Primeiro, que um comprometimento, seja com o Estado ou com a propriedade privada, representa um comprometimento moral e ético positivo sem fundamento que enviesa a teoria negativa de liberdade que republicanos contemporâneos buscam desenvolver. Segundo, que o comprometimento moral com o Estado faz com que o republicanismo neorromano seja essencialmente conservador. Teorias anarquistas da liberdade como não-dominação vão muito além do que a revitalização republicana parece permitir, abrindo novas possibilidades para inovações institucionais e constitucionais, permanecendo ao mesmo tempo consistentes com o valor normativo nuclear do republicanismo, a não-dominação.

Biografia do Autor

Ruth Kinna, Loughborough University

Ruth Ellen Kinna é graduada em história e política pela Universidade de Londres e doutora em política pela Universidade de Oxford. Ela é professora de filosofia política na Loughborough University. Coeditora do periódico Anarchist Studies. Autora de, entre outros livros, "Anarchism: A Beginner's Guide" (2012), "Kropotkin: Reviewing the Classical Anarchist Tradition" (2016) e "The Government of No One: The Theory and Practice of Anarchism" (2019).

Alex Prichard, Universidade de Exeter

Alex Prichard é doutor pela Loughborough University e Professor Associado do Departamento de Política da Universidade de Exeter. Coeditor da série Contemporary Anarchist Studies e do periódico Anarchist Studies.

Peterson Roberto da Silva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Graduado em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) (2015). Mestre em Sociologia Política pela UFSC (2018). Atualmente doutorando em Sociologia e Ciência Política com ênfase em Ciência Política pela UFSC (bolsa CNPq), sob orientação de Tiago Losso (Núcleo de Estudos do Pensamento Político- NEPP), com sanduíche na Loughborough University (Reino Unido) (bolsa Capes), sob orientação de Ruth Kinna (Anarchism Research Group - ARG). Tem experiência na área de Teoria Política Contemporânea, principalmente em temas como liberdade, legitimidade, representação e anarquismo. Também tem interesse por ensino de ciências sociais e interfaces entre teoria política e ficção / literatura. Pesquisador associado ao Instituto de Teoria e História Anarquista. Escritor autopublicado de ficção. Inventor do jogo de cartas Agência.

Referências

ABRAMS, P. Notes on the difficulty of studying the state. Journal of Historical Sociology, n. 1, p. 58-89, 1988[1977].

ANGHIE, A. Imperialism, Sovereignty, and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

APTER, D. E. The old anarchism and the new – some comments. In: Anarchism Today. Londres: Macmillan, 1971, p. 1-13.

AYLMER, G. E. The meaning and definition of “Property” in seventeenth-century England. Past & Present, n. 86, p. 87-97, 1980.

BAKUNIN, M. The Political Philosophy of Bakunin: Scientific Anarchism. G. P. Maximoff (ed.). Glencoe: Free Press, 1953.

BAKUNIN, M. God and the State. Trad. Paul Avrich. Nova Iorque: Dover Publications, 1970[1870-1871].

BAKUNIN, M. The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State. Londres: CIRA, 1971[1871].

BAKUNIN, M. Bakunin on Anarchy. Selected Works by the Activist Founder of World Anarchism. S. Dolgoff (ed. e trad.). Londres: Allen and Unwin, 1973.

BAKUNIN, M. Statism and Anarchy. Marshall Shatz (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990[1873].

BAKUNIN, M. a comuna de paris e a noção de estado. verve, n. 10, p. 75-100, 2006.

BAKUNIN, M. Federalismo, Socialismo, Antiteologismo. S.l.: União Popular Anarquista – UNIPA, 2012. Disponível em: https://uniaoanarquista.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/sc3a9rie_ba-fsat.pdf. Acesso em: 15 outubro 2020.

BECKER, J. -J. La Gauche et l’idée de la guerre. In: J. -J. Becker e G. Candar (eds.). Histoire des Gauches en France: Volume 1, L’héritage du XIXe siècle. Paris: La Découverte, 2004, p. 522-530.

BECKERT, S.; ROCKMAN, S. (eds.). Slavery’s Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016.

BELLAMY, R. The political form of the constitution: the separation of powers, rights and representative democracy. Political Studies, v. 44, n. 3, p. 436-456, 1996.

BERGHAHN, V. R. Militarism: The History of an Intellectual Debate 1861-1971. Leamington Spa: Berg Publishers, 1981.

BIRKS, P. The Roman concept of dominium and the idea of absolute ownership. Acta Juridica, n. 1, p. 1-37, 1985.

BOURDE, G. La Sagra, sabio y utopista. Revista de la Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí, n. 3, p. 109-150, 2015.

BOURGEOIS, N. Les Théories Du Droit International Chez Proudhon: Le Fédéralisme et la Paix. Paris: Marcel Rivière, 1927.

BURNS, J. H. Fortescue and the political theory of dominium. The Historical Journal, n. 28, p. 777-797, 1985.

CARTER, I. How are power and unfreedom related? In: In: Cécile Laborde e John Maynor (eds.). Republicanism and Political Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, p. 64-68.

CHAMBOST, A. S. Proudhon et la Norme: Pensée Juridique d’un Anarchiste. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2004.

CHARTIER, Anarchy and Legal Order: Law and Politics for a Stateless Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

CLARK, J. P. The Impossible Community: Realizing Communitarian Anarchism. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.

CLARK, S. Living without Domination: The Possibility of an Anarchist Utopia. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

CLARK, J. P.; MARTIN, C. Anarchy, Geography, Modernity: Selected Writings of Elisée Reclus. Oakland: PM Press, 2013.

DARRIULAT, P. Les Patriotes: La gauche républicaine et la nation 1830–1870. Paris: Éditions Du Seuil, 2001.

DE CLEYRE, V. Sex Slavery. In: Alexander Berkman (ed.). Selected Works of Voltairine de Cleyre. Nova Iorque: Mother Earth Publishing, 1914.

DOWDING, K. Republican freedom, rights and the coalition problem. Politics, Philosophy and Economics, n. 10, p. 301-322, 2011.

EGOUMENIDES, M. Philosophical Anarchism and Political Obligation. London: Bloomsbury, 2014.

ELTZBACHER, P. The Great Anarchists: Ideas and Teachings of Seven Major Thinkers. Trad. Benjamin R. Tucker. Nova Iorque: Dover Books, 2004[1908].

FANON, F. The Wretched of the Earth. Trad. Constance Farrington. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1969.

FISCHER, N. Marxist Ethics within Western Political Theory: A Dialogue with Republicanism, Communitarianism and Liberalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

FRANKS, B. Between anarchism and marxism: the beginnings and ends of the schism…. Journal of Political Ideologies, n. 17, p. 207-227, 2012.

FRIEDMAN, M. Pettit’s civic republicanism and male domination. In: Cécile Laborde e John Maynor (eds.). Republicanism and Political Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, p. 246-269.

GELDEREN, M. van; SKINNER, Q. Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002a.

GELDEREN, M. van; SKINNER, Q. The Values of Republicanism in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002b.

GORDON, U. Anarchy Alive!: Anti-Authoritarian Politics from Practice to Theory. London: Pluto Press, 2008.

GORDON, U. Anarquia Viva! Política Antiautoritária da Prática para a Teoria. S.l.: Editora Subta. 2015.

GOUREVITCH, A. Labor and republican liberty. Constellations, v. 18, n. 3, p. 431-454, 2011.

GOUREVITCH, A. Labor republicanism and the transformation of work. Political Theory, n. 41, 2013.

GOUREVITCH, A. Slavery to the Cooperative Commonwealth: Labor and Republican Liberty in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

GRAEBER, D. The new anarchists. New Left Review, n. 13, p. 61-73, 2002.

GRAEBER, D. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. Nova Iorque: Melville House, 2011.

GRAEBER, D. The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement. Nova Iorque: Spiegel & Grau, 2013.

HAUBTMANN, P. Marx et Proudhon. Leurs Rapports Personnels, 1844–1847, Plusieurs Textes Inédits. Paris: Editions Economie et Humanisme, 1947.

HAZAREESINGH, S. Political Traditions in Modern France. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

HAZAREESINGH, S. Intellectual Founders of the Republic: Five Studies in Nineteenth-Century French Political Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

HONOHAN, I.; JENNINGS, J. Republicanism in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 2006.

JENNINGS, J. Revolution and the Republic: A History of Political Thought in France Since the Eighteenth-Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

JUN, N. On philosophical anarchism. Radical Philosophy Review, n. 19, p. 551-567, 2016.

KALYVAS, A.; KATZNELSON, I. Liberal Beginnings: Making a Republic for the Moderns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

KAPLAN, T. Anarchists of Andalusia, 1868–1903. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

KELLY, P. Rescuing political theory from the tyranny of history. In: Jonathan Floyd e Marc Stears (Eds.). Political Philosophy Versus History?: Contextualism and Real Politics in Contemporary Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 13-37.

KINNA, R. Early Writings on Terrorism. Londres: Routledge, 2006.

KINNA, R. The Continuum Companion to Anarchism. Nova Iorque: Continuum, 2012.

KRAMER, M. H. Liberty and domination. In: Cécile Laborde e John Maynor (eds.). Republicanism and Political Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, p. 31-57.

KRASNER, S. D. State, power, anarchism. Perspectives on Politics, v. 9, n. 1, p. 79-83, 2011.

KROPOTKIN, P. The State: Its Historic Role. Londres: Freedom Press, 1942[1896].

KROPOTKIN, P. The Permanence of Society After the Revolution. In: Nicholas Walter e Heiner Becker (eds.). Act for Yourselves: Articles from Freedom 1886-1907. Londres: Freedom Press, 1988[1980], p. 87-91.

KROPOTKIN, P. O Estado e seu papel histórico. São Paulo: Imaginário, 2000.

LABORDE, C. Republicanism and global justice. European Journal of Political Theory, n. 9, p. 48-69, 2010.

LABORDE, C.; MAYNOR, J. W. Republicanism and Political Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.

LEVY, C. Anarchism, Internationalism and Nationalism in Europe, 1860–1939. Australian Journal of Politics and History, v. 50, n. 3, p. 330-342, 2004.

LOBÈRE, L. Louis Blanc: His Life and His Contribution to The Rise of French Jacobin Socialism. Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1961.

MAECKELBERGH, M. Learning from conflict: innovative approaches to democratic decision making in the alterglobalisation movement. Transforming Democracy, n. 21, p. 27-40, 2013.

MALEFAKIS, E. Agrarian Reform and Peasant Revolution in Spain: Origins of the Civil War. London/New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.

MARKELL, P. The insufficiency of non-domination. Political Theory, n. 36, p. 9-36, 2008.

MCCORMICK, J. P. Machiavelli against republicanism. Political Theory, v. 31, n. 5, p. 615-643, 2003.

MCLAUGHLIN, P. Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

MICHELS, R. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. Eden Paul e Cedar Paul (ed.). Nova Iorque: Free Press, 1966.

NELSON, E. The Greek Tradition in Republican Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

NEWMAN, S. The Politics of Postanarchism. Edimburgo: Edinburgh University Press, 2010.

NEWMAN, S. Postanarchism: a politics of anti-politics. Journal of Political Ideologies, n. 3, p. 313-327, 2011.

NEWMAN, S. Crowned anarchy: postanarchism and international relations theory. Millennium – Journal of International Studies, n. 40, p. 259-278, 2012.

NOZICK, R. Anarchy, State and Utopia. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974.

PARSONS, A. Haymarket: Statements of the Accused. 2007[1886]. Disponível em: https://www.marxists.org/subject/mayday/articles/speeches.html#PARSONS. Acesso em: 13 outubro 2020.

PERRY, L. Radical Abolitionism: Anarchy and the Government of God in Antislavery Thought. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1973.

PETTIT, P. Freedom as antipower. Ethics, n. 106, p. 576-604, 1996.

PETTIT, P. Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

PETTIT, P. Freedom in the market. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, v. 5, n. 2, p. 131-149, 2006.

PETTIT, P. A republican law of peoples. European Journal of Political Theory, n. 9, p. 70-94, 2010a.

PETTIT, P. Liberdade como antipoder. Política & Sociedade, v. 9, n. 16, p. 11-50, abril 2010b.

PETTIT, P. On the People’s Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012

PETTIT, P. Just Freedom: A Moral Compass for a Complex World. Nova Iorque: W. W. Norton & Co., 2014.

PIERSON, C. Rousseau and the paradoxes of property. European Journal of Political Theory, n. 12, p. 409-424, 2013a.

PIERSON, C. Just Property: A History in the Latin West. Volume 1: Wealth, Virtue, and the Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013b.

PRICHARD, A. Justice, Order and Anarchy. The International Political Theory of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. London: Routledge, 2013.

PROUDHON, P. -J. O que é a propriedade? 2ª ed. Trad. Marília Caeiro. Lisboa: Editorial Estampa, 1975.

PROUDHON, P. -J. What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government. Trad. D. R. Kelley e B. G. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994[1840].

PROUDHON, P. -J. Proudhon, La Guerre et la Paix, Recherches Sur La Principe et la Constitution du Droit des Gens. Nouvelle edn, Vol. I. Paris: Editions Tops, 1998[1861].

PROUDHON, P. -J. Organisation of credit and circulation. Trad. Clarence L. Swartz e Jesse Cohn. In: Iain McKay (ed.). Property Is Theft!: A Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Anthology. Edimburgo: AK Press, 2011[1848], p. 281-294.

PROUDHON, P. -J. Interest and Principal. Trad. Benjuamin Tucker. In: Iain McKay (ed.). Property Is Theft!: A Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Anthology. Edimburgo: AK Press, 2011[1850], p. 509-542.

PROUDHON, P. -J. In: S. Wilbur (trad.) e Iain McKay (ed.). Property Is Theft!: A Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Anthology. Edimburgo: AK Press, 2011[1865], p. 775-784.

RAVINDRANATHAN, T. R. Bakunin and the Italians. Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988.

ROCKER, R. Anarcho-Syndicalism. Londres: Pluto, 1989.

ROCKER, R.; CHASE, R. E. Nationalism and Culture. Sanday: Cienfuegos Press, 1978.

ROUSSEAU, J. -J. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. F. Philip (trad.) e Patrick Coleman (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

ROUSSEAU, J. -J. Discurso sobre a Origem e os Fundamentos da Desigualdade entre os Homens. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 2000.

RUNCIMAN, D. History of political thought: the state of the discipline. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, n. 3, p. 84-104, 2001.

SCOTT, J. C. The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

SIMMONS, A. J. On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent, and the Limits of Society. Princeton, Chichester: Princeton University Press, 1993.

SKINNER, Q. Liberty before Liberalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

SKINNER, Q. Freedom as the absence of arbitrary power. In: Cécile Laborde e John Maynor (eds.). Republicanism and Political Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008, p. 83-101.

SLAUGHTER, S. Liberty Beyond Neo-Liberalism: A Republican Critique of Liberal Governance in a Globalising Age. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

THOMAS, P. Karl Marx and the Anarchists. Londres: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.

TILLY, C. War making and state making as organised crime. In: P. B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer e T. Skocpol (eds.). Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, p. 169-191.

TOLSTÓI, L. The Slavery of Our Times. In: David Stephens (ed.). Government is Violence: Essays on Anarchism and Pacifism. Londres: Phoenix Press, 1990[1900].

URBINATI, N. Competing for liberty: the republican critique of democracy. American Political Science Review, v. 106, n. 3, p. 607-621, 2012.

VAN DER WALT, L.; SCHMIDT, M. Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism, Counterpower. Edimburgo: AK Press, 2009.

VINCENT, S. K. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Rise of French Republican Socialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.

WHIMSTER, S. Max Weber and the Culture of Anarchy. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999.

WHITE, S. The republican critique of capitalism. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, n. 14, p. 561-579, 2011.

WILLIAMS, D. M. A society in revolt or under analysis? Investigating the dialogue between 19th-century anarchists and sociologists. Critical Sociology, n. 40, p. 469-492, 2014.

WOLFF, R. P. In Defence of Anarchism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Downloads

Publicado

2021-07-16