Resistência Conversacional e as Variedades de Contradiscurso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2024.e97828Palabras clave:
contradiscurso, cooperação, elucidação, reframingResumen
O contradiscurso é um tipo de comunicação que tenta contrapor-se, neutralizar ou remediar o discurso danoso. Trata-se de uma forma de intervenção não-coercitiva que está, em alguns casos, à mão de qualquer falante competente. Filósofos da linguagem vêm se dedicando a analisar e propor diferentes variedades de contradiscurso como forma de resistência conversacional, na expectativa de que diagnosticar os mecanismos comunicativos envolvidos auxilie no desenvolvimento de estratégias eficientes de contenção. Esse tipo de investigação é, contudo, ainda nova e em expansão programática. Nesse marco, nosso primeiro intuito é sugerir uma separação entre duas categorias de contradiscurso, confrontativo e redirecionador, tomando como critério organizacional o impacto das intervenções sobre a cooperatividade dos participantes. Em segundo lugar, iremos propor um tipo de contradiscurso confrontativo, que chamaremos de elucidação, e um tipo de contradiscurso redirecionador, o reframing. Na elucidação, o ouvinte resistente torna saliente para escrutínio um aspecto problemático do que foi dito. É uma forma de chamar o falante percebido como intolerante à responsabilidade por compromissos assumidos em virtude de sua escolha de palavras. Já no reframing, busca-se neutralizar os efeitos de palavras com significados danosos ao substituí-las por outras, semanticamente equivalentes, mas com significados sociais e conotações distintas. Por exemplo, a substituição de ‘ideologia de gênero’ por ‘diversidade de gênero’, se acomodada pelo falante, dá ao ouvinte resistente controle adicional sobre os tópicos de discussão (a QUD) e sobre “os termos da conversa”.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Eduarda Calado Barbosa, Mariana Teodoro Fernandes
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