“What the eyes don't see”: linguistic ideologies and communicational imaginaries in signer deaf communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2024.e94568Keywords:
Socio-Pragmatics, Linguistic ideologies, Deaf Studies, . Deaf Communities, Sign LanguagesAbstract
This theoretical essay investigates the linguistic ideologies of sign languages, exploring how the communicational phenomena of signing deaf collectives are ideologically understood and oriented. Utilizing a qualitative and theoretical approach with an explanatory objective, the research compiles and analyzes academic articles, books, and institutional documents in a critical literature review. The objectives include presenting linguistic ideologies as an object of study in the interdisciplinary fields of language, situating them as epistemological, ontological, and philosophical issues, and positioning these ideologies as a problem in Deaf Politics, highlighting their interest for Deaf Studies. The study uses a conceptual framework that differentiates deaf phenomena as "internal" and "external" to deaf communities to dialogue with studies that describe the specificities of linguistic ideologies of sign languages. External ideologies include myths about sign languages, the evolution of perceptions about gestures and signs, and the institutionalization of the superiority of oral languages over sign languages as a linguistic-educational policy. Internal ideologies address multimodality and verbal gesturality, the nomination of national sign languages and the erasure of varieties, as well as policing, standardizations, and purisms, framing the signed deaf experiences and bilingual education and its ideologies of sign languages. It concludes that the markers of internal and external linguistic ideologies are insufficient to fully situate the values and impacts of these ideologies in the social affirmation of deaf lives, requiring constant critical review - especially by deaf theorists themselves - to develop a practice in Deaf Studies that is less manichean, more critical, and articulated with the current realities of deaf communities.
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