Contentious Politics and Participatory Democracy in Brazil

Autores

  • Brian Wampler Boise State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2014v13n28p199

Resumo

Contentious politics helps individuals and groups with limited political voice to place their ideas and interests on the political agenda. Contentious politics were long thought to occur when politically marginalized group had no other means to advance their political agenda. The June 2013 social mobilization in Brazil caught most political observers by surprise, especially given the creation of a large, wide-spread participatory architecture (national conferences, councils, participatory budgeting). The innovative institutions emerging in Brazil created a policy environment in which millions of citizens have regular access to state policymaking bodies. How does the institutionalization of a broader network of participatory institutions make it easier for citizens to engage in contentious politics? In what ways does this institutionalization make it more difficult for some citizens to engage in contentious politics? In what ways has the vast network of participatory institutions been largely irrelevant to how citizens use contentious politics? This article explore how the institutionalization of an extensive participatory democracy system in Brazil alters the incentive structures that encourage citizens to engage in contentious collective action.

Biografia do Autor

Brian Wampler, Boise State University

Professor do Department of Political Science da Boise State University.

Referências

ABERS, R. 2000. Inventing Local Democracy: grassroots politics in Brazil. Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publishers.

ALEXANDER, J. C. 2006. The Civil Sphere. New York: Oxford University Press.

ALVAREZ, S. E. 1990. Engendering Democracy in Brazil: Women in Transition Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

AVITZER, L. 2002. Democracy and the Public Space in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

BAIOCCHI, G. 2005. Militants and Citizens: the politics of participatory democracy in Porto Alegre. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

BARCZAK, M. 2001. Representation by Consultation? The Rise of Direct Democracy in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 43(3): 37-59.

CASTAÑEDA, J. 1993. Utopia Unarmed. New York: Vintage Books.

CARVALHO , J. M. 1987. Os Bestializados: o Rio de Janeiro e a República que não foi. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.

CORNWALL, A.; COELHO, V. S. 2007. Spaces for Change? The Politics of Citizen Participation in New Democratic Arenas. London: Zed Books.

DAGNINO, E. 2008. Challenges to Participation, Citizenship and Democracy: Perverse Confluence and Displacement of Meanings. In: BEBBINGTON, A. J.; HICKEY, S.. MITLIN, D. C. (eds.). Can NGOs Make a Difference? The Challenge of Development Alternatives.

London: Verso.

________. 1998. The Cultural Politics of Citizenship, Democracy and the State. In Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar, eds., Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: re-visioning Latin American social movements. Boulder: Westview Press.

DAGNINO, E.; TATAGIBA, L. 2007. Democracia, Sociedade Civil e Participação. Chapeco: Argos Editora Universitaria.

FEDOZZI, L. 1998. Orçamento Participativo: reflexões sobre a experiência de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: Tomo Editorial.

FUNG, A.; WRIGHT, E. O. 2003. Deepening Democracy: institutional innovations in Empowered Participatory governance. New York: Verso.

GIBSON, C.; WOOLCOOCK, M. 2008. Empowerment, Deliberative Development, and Local- Level Politics in Indonesia: Participatory Projects as a Source of Countervailing Power. Studies in Comparative International Development. 42(2): 151-180.

GOLDFRANK, B. 2007. The Politics of Deepening Local Democracy: Decentralization, Party Institutionalization, and Participation. Comparative Politics, 39 (January 2007):147-68.

GRINDLE, M. 2000. Audacious reforms: institutional invention and democracy in Latin America. Balitmore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

JACOBI, P. 1989. Movimentos Sociais e Políticas Públicas: demandas por saneamento básico e saúde. São Paulo, 1974-84. São Paulo: Cortez Editora.

KECK, M. E. 1992. The Workers’ Party and Democratization in Brazil. New Haven: Yale University Press.

LABONNE, J.; CHASE, R. S. 2009. “Who is at the Wheel When Communities Drive Development? Evidence from the Philippines.” World Development. 37(1): 219-231.

MAINWARING, S. 1999. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

MARQUETTI, A. 2003. Democracia, Equidade e Effciencia, o Caso do Orçamento Participativo em Porto Alegre. In: AVRITZER, L.; NAVARRO,Z. (Eds.), A Inovação Democrática no Brasil: O Orçamento Participativo. São Paulo: Cortez Editores.

MARSHALL, T. H. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

MCADAM, D.; McCARTHY, J. D.; ZALD, M. N. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings. New York: Cambridge University Press.

McADAM, D.; TARROW, S.; TILLY, C. 1996. To Map Contentious Politics. Mobilization 1:14-28.

McADAM, D.; TARROW, S.; TILLY, C. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. New York: Cambridge University Press.

MIGDAL, J. S. 2001. State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

NAVARRO, Z. 2003. O “Orçamento Participativo” de Porto Alegre (1989-2002): Um conciso comentário crítico. In: AVRITZER, L.; NAVARRO,Z. (Eds.), A Inovação Democratica no Brasil. São Paulo: Cortez.

NYLEN, W. R. 2002. “Testing the Empowerment Thesis: The Participatory Budget in Belo Horizonte and Betim, Brazil.” Comparative Politics 34:127-145.

_______. 2003. Participatory Democracy versus Elitist Democracy: lessons from Brasil. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.

O’DONNELL, G. 1994. “The State, Democratization and Some Conceptual Problems: A Latin American View with Glances at Some Post-Communist Countries.” SMITH, W. C.; ACUMA, C. H; GAMARRA, E. A. (eds)., Democracy, Markets, and Structural Reform in Latin America. New Brunswick, Conn.: Transaction Publishers.

PATERMAN, C. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

____. 2012. “Participatory Democracy Revisited”. Perspectives on Politics.10 (01): 7-20.

ROBERTS, K. 1998. Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

RUBIN, J. W. 2003. “Meanings and Mobilizations: A Cultural Politics Approach to Social Movements and States.” Latin American Research Review. 39(3): 106-142.

RUESCHEMEYER, D.; STEPHENS, E. H.; STEPHENS, J. D. 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

SANTOS, B. de S., ed. 2005. Democratizing Democracy: Beyond the Liberal Democractic Canon. New York: Verso.

SCOTT, J. C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

SHAH, A. 2007. Participatory Budgeting. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

SOARES, J. A. 1998. Os Desafios de Gestão Municipal Democrática: Recife. Recife: Centro Josué de Castro.

STEPAN, A. 1989. Democratizing Brazil: problems of transition and consolidation. New York: Oxford University Press.

TATAGIBA, L. 2002. Os conselhos gestores e a democratização das políticas públicas no Brasil. DANIGNO, E. (ed.)., Sociedade Civil e Espaços Públicos no Brasil. São Paulo: Paz e Terra.

TARROW, S. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, 2nd edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

TOUCHTON, M.; Wampler, B. unpublished article. “Contracting, Contesting, and Co-optation: Social Movement Strategies under New Institutional Arrangements in Brazil.

THOMPSON, E. P. 1996. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Vintage Press.

TILLY, Charles. 2004. Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650-2000. New York: Cambridge University Press.

VAN COTT, D. L. 2008. Radical Democracay in the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

VILLAS BOAS, R., Telles, V. 1995. Poder Local, Participação Popular, Construção da Cidadania. São Paulo: Instituto Pólis.

WAMPLER, B.; AVITZER, L. 2004. Participatory Publics: Civil Society and New Institutions in Democratic Brazil. Comparative Politics 36: 291-312.

________. 2007. Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: contestation, cooperation, and accountability. 2007. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.

________. 2008. “When does participatory democracy deepen democracy? Lessons from Brazil.” Comparative Politics. 41(1): 61-82.

________. 2015. Activating Democracy in Brazil: Popular Participation, Social Justice, and Interlocking Institutions. University of Norte Dame Press.

YASHAR, D. J. 2005. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America: the rise of indigenous movements and the postliberal challenge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Downloads

Publicado

2014-12-31

Edição

Seção

Dossiê Temático