Formal inferences and their relationships to knowledge acquisition: mental models and semantic links

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2020v24n2p325

Resumen

The mental model theory is an approach with clear psychological, linguistic, and cognitive consequences. This paper delves into some of the epistemological conclusions that can be drawn from it. In particular, it addresses the process why knowledge acquisition can modify the inferences people tend to make. That process is described by means of an example based on a well-known logical schema related to the conditional: Modus Tollendo Tollens.

Biografía del autor/a

Miguel López Astorga, Universidad de Talca

Full professor at the Institute of Humanistic Studies "Juan Ignacio Molina," University of Talca

Leyla Danae Torres-Bravo, Universidad de Talca

Lecturer at the Institute of Humanistic Studies "Juan Ignacio Molina," University of Talca

Citas

Bucciarelli, M. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2019. Deontics: Meaning, reasoning, and emotion. Materiali per una Storia della Cultura Guiridica XLIX(1): 89-112.

Byrne, R. M. J. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2009. “If” and the problems of conditional reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Science 13(7): 282-287.

Douven, I., Elqayam, S., Singmann, H., & Wijnbergen-Huitink, J. 2018. Conditional and inferential connections: A hypothetical inferential theory. Cognitive Psychology 101: 50-81.

Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2006. How We Reason. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2012. Inference with mental models. In: K. J. Holyoak & R. G. Morrison The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, p. 134-145.

Khemlani, S. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2019. Why machines don’t (yet) reason like people. Künstliche Intelligenz. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13218-019-00599-w#aboutcontent

Khemlani, S., Byrne, R. M. J., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2018. Facts and possibilities: A model-based theory of sentential reasoning. Cognitive Science 42(6): 1887-1924.

Khemlani, S., Hinterecker, T., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2017). The provenance of modal inference. In: G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. J. Davelaar Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, p. 259-264.

López-Astorga, M. 2019. Language acquisition and innate cognitive abilities: An approach from the mental models theory. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación (CLAC) 77: 233-242.

Orenes, I. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2012. Logic, models, and paradoxical inferences. Mind & Language 27(4): 357-377.

O’Toole, R. R. & Jennings, R. E. 2004. The Megarians and the Stoics. In: D. M. Gabbay & J. Woods Handbook of the History of Logic, Volume 1. Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, p. 397-522.

Quelhas, A. C. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2017. The modulation of disjunctive assertions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70(4): 703-717.

Stanovich, K. E. 1999. Who Is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Torres-Bravo, L. D. & Gairín, J. 2019. Detección de modelos mentales como posibilidades semánticas para el análisis del pensamiento social. Cultura, Lenguaje y Representación XXI: 159-174.

Publicado

2020-11-18

Número

Sección

Articles