A proposta sarkiana e o reducionismo genético-molecular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2021.e67973Resumo
Uma das propostas mais interessantes e influentes sobre o tema do reducionismo em Biologia foi apresentada por Sahotra Sarkar, principalmente em seu livro Genetics and Reductionism. Ali, o autor propõe um modelo geral de redução e o utiliza para analisar as relações redutivas que existem entre o fenótipo e o genótipo, e da Biologia com a Física e a Química. Uma de suas teses é que ambos os reducionismos constituem abordagens conceituais inteiramente diferentes, sem relação entre si. Neste artigo, investigamos criticamente a tese sarkiana. Aqui, argumentamos que os dois reducionismos estão profundamente interligados e que, juntos, eles formam uma visão ampliada na biologia contemporânea, bem como fundamentais nos projetos biotecnológicos atuais. Chamamos essa perspectiva de "reducionismo genético-molecular" e caracterizamos a partir do modelo geral de redução de Sarkar. O trabalho realizado permite expor tanto o âmbito da própria proposta sarkiana como algumas características marcantes de uma perspectiva predominante na Biologia.
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