Recomposición Corporal:
¿Sería posible inducir la pérdida de peso y la hipertrofia muscular al mismo tiempo?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2022v24e86265Palabras clave:
Restrição calórica, Perda de peso, Sistema musculoesquelético, Composição corporal, Exercício físicoResumen
La reducción del tejido adiposo y el aumento de la masa magra son objetivos frecuentes en los programas de ejercicio dirigidos a la salud y la estética. En este contexto, al postular la necesidad de un déficit energético para la pérdida de peso y un superávit calórico para la hipertrofia muscular, se desarrolló la idea de que no sería posible que ambos fenómenos coexistieran. Por el contrario, surge en la literatura el término “Recomposición Corporal” (RC), fenómeno en el que se produce al mismo tiempo pérdida de peso e hipertrofia muscular. La RC ya ha sido observada utilizando diferentes técnicas de análisis de la composición corporal, desde métodos doblemente indirectos hasta la resonancia magnética, y en diferentes grupos de población, a saber: adolescentes, adultos sedentarios o físicamente activos, ancianos y personas con exceso de peso, así como practicantes de los deportes, incluido el culturismo. La RC se produce con un ajuste nutricional preciso, con un consumo de proteínas por encima de la ingesta diaria recomendada (0,8 g/kg), en rangos entre 2,4 y 3,4 g/kg de masa corporal/día. Diferentes tipos de ejercicios físicos pueden conducir a RC, desde el entrenamiento de fuerza, pasando por el entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad, el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad e incluso el entrenamiento concurrente, la mayoría de las veces con una alta frecuencia semanal.
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