Lipidic profile, dyslipidemia and physical exercises

Resumen

The dyslipidemias are characterized by changes in the metabolism of lipids that leads to alterations in plasmatic lipoproteins concentrations representing a strong predictor of chronic-degenerative diseases. Epidemiologic studies show that there is also an inverse relationship between dyslipidemia and mortality indices of cardiovascular complications. Considering that physical activity offers numerous benefits on dyslipidemia prevention and treatment, the aim of this study was to make a review about lipoproteins, dyslipidemia, aerobic exercise, weight resisted exercises and their relationship. The literature search was based on PUBMED and LILACS databases, using the following keywords: lipoproteins, dyslipidemias, exercise, body composition, body fat. Thirty-six articles were selected giving priority to the most recent and original. The majority of publications reports the efficiency of aerobic exercises to improve the lipids profile. However, it is verified that studies with this specific objective are in greater number when compared with the weight resisted exercises. These studies affirm that the changes on the lipids profile induced by physical exercises happen through reduction of body mass and body fat accomplished by changes on fat distribution and enzymes that regulate the metabolism of lipoproteins. These changes can be observed in sedentary, physically active individuals or athletes. In spite of that, it was noticed that some statements in the literature as adequate volume and intensity are contradictory which indicates that more studies concerning lipoproteins and different exercise methods are necessary.