Da autonomia emergente à personalidade instrumental: reconstrução dogmática da responsabilidade em agentes inteligentes de fronteira
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2026.e109148Palavras-chave:
Personalidade jurídica algorítmica, Agência funcional, Agentes inteligentes, Controle humano significativoResumo
Este artigo analisa as tensões estruturais que a opacidade epistêmica inerente aos modelos de fronteira empregados em agentes inteligentes produz sobre as garantias constitucionais de fundamentação, rastreabilidade e controle jurisdicional. A pesquisa parte da constatação de que a autonomia emergente e a impossibilidade técnica de reconstruir cadeias causais no funcionamento desses sistemas tornam inviável o paradigma do controle humano significativo e o convertem em uma ficção normativa incapaz de assegurar uma responsabilização efetiva. A partir desse diagnóstico, adota-se uma abordagem teórico-dogmática de orientação crítico-analítica para compreender a crise de legitimidade provocada pela inteligência artificial generativa. Os resultados mostram que a ausência de sujeitos humanos identificáveis vinculados causalmente aos efeitos desses modelos gera um vazio estrutural de imputação, incompatível com as exigências do Estado de Direito. Conclui-se que a criação de uma personalidade jurídica algorítmica de caráter instrumental, inspirada em antecedentes como o peculium romano, constitui uma alternativa normativamente coerente para restabelecer centros funcionais de responsabilidade, garantir a reparação e preservar a coerência do sistema jurídico em contextos de agência distribuída.
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