Os desafios de traduzir Flaubert e Zola na Inglaterra vitoriana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2015v35n2p326Resumo
Na era vitoriana tardia, o campo da publicação, dividido entre público (circulating libraries, como a Mudie’s Select Library) e privado (sociedades literárias secretas, como The Lutetian Society), estava no centro de profundas transformações sociais relacionadas à alfabetização. A estrutura hierárquica do campo revela o grau com o qual o discurso era tradicionalmente controlado na Grã-Bretanha, alinhado com a rígida estrutura de classes do país. Esta realidade marca um nítido contraste com a visão geralmente aceita de que a Grã-Bretanha representa historicamente um modelo de livre expressão e de valores democráticos. O presente artigo explica que a maioria de moral burguesa, preocupada em proteger a integridade moral dos novos leitores alfabetizados da classe trabalhadora e das mulheres leitoras de todas as classes desejava dominar o flagelo da pornografia, com a crença de ser promovida por estrangeiros libertinos e aristocratas britânicos. Com o intuito de evitar perseguição, editores e tradutores precisavam considerar não somente padrões de expectativas do leitor, mas também as restrições discursivas alinhadas com os valores vitorianos. Um exemplo de editor que superestimou o grau de liberdade de expressão foi Henry Vizetelly, que tentou abastecer as classes trabalhadoras e as mulheres leitoras com traduções de trabalhos de Zola e Flaubert. Madame Bovary não foi banido pelas autoridades, ao passo que muitos romances de Zola o foram.
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