A nação e a arena internacional: desafios climáticos globais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2017v16n1p83Resumen
Discussões sobre moralidade e justiça no campo internacional frequentemente, quando rejeitam a teoria realista, acabam adotando duas posições gerais possíveis: comunitaristas ou cosmopolitas. Cada qual prioriza diferentes modos de interpretação de direitos e obrigações e possuem variantes. Para a discussão aqui proposta, perceber em que medida a soberania nacional se faz valer de alguns pressupostos importantes da perspectiva comunitarista que, aqui alocada, chamaremos de defensores do estado-nação, é fundamental para compreender o modo como o estado-nação vem sendo destacado como o ator primordial das discussões no âmbito internacional. Para tal, procuraremos situar essa perspectiva em dois momentos. Ambas terão como fio condutor a leitura de um dos maiores defensores dessa perspectiva nos debates atuais sobre o tema, David Miller. No primeiro momento será analisada a obra “On Nationality” e, posteriormente, “National Responsibility and Global Justice” de modo que seja possível identificarmos mais profundamente o conceito de nacionalidade defendido por Miller e como ele se apresenta diante dos desafios globais atuais, seus avanços e também limites.
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