A teoria gestual das origens da linguagem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2022.e83790Palavras-chave:
Teoria gestual, Origem da linguagem, Língua de sinaisResumo
A ideia de um gesto visual icônico ter algo em comum com a origem da linguagem, particularmente da fala, é frequente em especulações sobre esse fenômeno e emerge no início de sua história. A hipótese de Sócrates sobre a origem das palavras gregas no satírico diálogo de Platão, Crátilo, inclui um possível papel para a iconicidade baseada no som, assim como também para os gestos visuais usados por surdos. A sátira de Platão para abordar esse tópico também aponta para a linha tênue entre o sublime e o ridículo que marcam esse tipo de especulação. Este artigo apresenta evidências recentes que sustentam a ideia de que a linguagem surgiu primeiro como gesto visual. Essas evidências são obtidas de diversas investigações, incluindo pesquisas em fundamentos neurológicos do gesto, ou seja, sobre neurônios-espelho; pesquisas recentes sobre a comunicação gestual em grandes símios africanos; sobre a base cognitiva das línguas de sinais de surdos; e sobre a emergência de novas línguas sinalizadas.
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