A tradução em inglês de La Madre, de Grazia Deledda, e a relevância da cultura na tradução da metáfora da paisagem

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2020v40n2p112

Resumo

Este artigo explora o impacto da estrutura cultural do tradutor na tradução da metáfora relacionada à paisagem por meio de uma análise contrastiva de La madre, de Grazia Deledda, Prêmio Nobel de Literatura, e a tradução de 1922, The Mother, realizada por Mary Steegman. A cultura influencia a visão da natureza ao fornecer normas e ideologias distintas sobre como as pessoas se relacionam com os outros e com o mundo natural. A linguagem do espaço de Deledda se originou de uma percepção subjetiva, assim como seu uso de metáforas relacionadas ao espaço. Na tradução, no entanto, a negociação de significado envolvendo metáforas da paisagem se torna mais complexa. A percepção subjetiva e a individualidade do autor do original se sobrepõem à subjetividade do tradutor, que impacta o texto de chegada com consequências políticas e ideológicas. Esta contribuição examina em particular o antropomorfismo e a relação entre metáfora e símile. Argumentar-se-á que a interpretação do tradutor pode remodelar o relacionamento e a compreensão dos leitores-alvo desse cenário. A análise será baseada na teoria conceitual de metáfora  e na hipótese de tradução cognitiva de Mandelblit (1995). A ecoestilística fornecerá uma estrutura adicional para examinar os padrões que revelam a abordagem do tradutor em relação à natureza e paisagem.

Biografia do Autor

Eleonora Fois, University of Cagliari, Cagliari,

Eleonora Fois is PhD in Philological and Literary Studies and Fellow Researcher in English Language and Translation at the University of Cagliari, Department of Humanities, Languages and Heritage. In addition to translator training, her research involves the analysis of the processes of cultural negotiation and adaptation closely associated with the translation of languages. Among the cultural domains analysed is theatre translation, with specific studies on Italian translations of Shakespearean plays and contemporary playwrights; literary translation, with studies on English translations of Grazia Deledda's focused on the cultural rendition of the foreign landscape.

Referências

Aisenman, Ravid A. “Structure-Mapping and the Simile-Metaphor Preference.” Metaphor and Symbol. Vol. 14, nº. 1, (1999): 45-51.

Al-Zoubi Mohammad et al. “Cogno-Cultural Issues in Translating Metaphors.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology. Vol. 14, nº. 3, (2007): 230-239.

Anderson, Wendy et al. Mapping English Metaphor Through Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Arrampicarsi. Treccani. Available at: http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/ arrampicarsi/. Access in: 04 Out 2019.

Atkins, Peter. “Metaphors and Meanings in Modern Landscapes: Reading the Landscape”. In: Atkins, Peter J.; Simmons, I.G; Roberts, B.K; Hodder, Arnold (Eds). People, Land and Time. 1998, p. 219-230.

Bridgeman, Teresa. “On the ‘Likeness’ of Similes and Metaphors (With Special Reference to Alfred Jarry’s ‘Les Jours et les nuits’)”. The Modern Language Review. Vol. 91, nº. 1. (1996): 65-77.

Calm. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/26481?rskey=zZEJSY&result=1&isAdva nced=false#eid. Access in: 04 Out 2019.

Chiappe, Dan et al. “Reversibility, Aptness, and the Conventionality of Metaphors and Similes.” Metaphor and Symbol. Vol. 18, nº. 2, (2003): 85-105.

Climb. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/34342?rskey=hiBU3G&result=2&isAdva nced=false#eid. Access in: 04 Out 2019.

Cling. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/34369?rskey=Xm9So7&result=3&isAdva nced=false#eid. Access in: 04 Out 2019.

Cronin, Michael. Translation and Identity. Amsterdam: Routledge, 2006.

Dancygier, Barbara; Sweetser, Eve. Figurative Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Deledda, Grazia, La Madre. Milão: Fratelli Treves Editore, 1920.

Deledda, Grazia. The Mother. Translator by Mary G Steegmann. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1928 [1923].

Douthwaite, John et al. (Eds). The stylistics of landscapes, the landscapes of stylistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017.

Eco, Umberto. “Metafora e semiotica interpretativa”. In: Marmo, Costantino; Bonfiglioli, Stefania. (Eds). Retorica e scienze del linguaggio: teorie e pratiche dell’argomentazione. Roma: Aracne, 2005, p. 407-437.

Eggan, Taylor A. “Landscape Metaphysics: Narrative Architecture and the Focalisation of the Environment.” English Studies. Vol. 99, nº. 4, (2018): 398-411.

Epley, Nicholas; Waytz, Adam; Cacioppo, John T. “On Seeing Human: A ThreeFactor Theory of Anthropomorphism.” Psychological Review. Vol. 114, nº. 4, (2007): 864-886.

Fill, Alwin; Mühlhäusler, Peter. (Eds). The Ecolinguistic reader. Londres: Continuum, 2001.

Gavins, Joanna; Lahey, Ernestine. “World Building in Discourse”. In: Gavins, Joanna; Lahey, Ernestine. (Eds). World Building: Discourse in the Mind. Londres: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 2016.

Gibb, Heather; Wales, Roger. “Metaphor or Simile: Psychological Determinants of the Differential Use of Each Sentence Form.” Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, Vol. 5, no. 4, (1990): 199-213.

Glucksberg, Sam; Haught, Catrinel. “On the Relation Between Metaphor and Simile: When Comparison Fails.” Mind & Language. Vol. 21, nº. 3 June (2006): 360–378.

Goatly, Andrew. The language of metaphors. Amsterdam: Routledge, 1997.

Hough Carole. “The metaphorical landscape”. In: Anderson, Wendy; Bramwell, Ellen; Hough, Carole (Eds). Mapping English Metaphor Through Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Available at: https://mappingmetaphor.arts.gla. ac.uk/. Access in: 22/03/2019.

Johnson, Jane. “The use of deictic reference in identifying point of view in Grazia Deledda’s Canne al Vento and its translation into English.”. Target. Vol. 32, nº. 1, (2011): 62-76.

Lahey Ernestine. “Megametaphorical mappings and the Landscapes in Canadian Poetry”. In: Lambrou, Marina; Stockwell, Peter. (Eds). Contemporary Stylistics. Londres: Continuum, 2010, p. 156-167.

Lakoff, George; Johnson, Mark. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Lakoff, George; Turner Mark. More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

Magill, Frank Northen. The Nobel Prize Winners: 1901-1926. New York: Salem Press, 1987.

Mandelblit, N. “The cognitive view of metaphor and its implications for translation theory.” Translation and Meaning. Part 3. Universitaire Press, (1995): 483-495.

Massaiu, Mario. La Sardegna di Grazia Deledda. Cagliari: Editrice sarda Fossataro, 1976.

Miccinesi, Mario. Grazia Deledda. Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1975.

Mortara Garavelli, Bice. “La Lingua di Grazia Deledda”. In: Collu, Ugo. Grazia Deledda nella cultura contemporanea. vol. 2. Nuoro: Consorzio per la pubblica lettura S. Satta, 1992, p.115-131.

Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation (Language Teaching Methodology Series). Oxônia: Pergamon Press, 1981.

Prandi, Michele. “Typology of Metaphors: Implications for Translation.” Mutatis Mutandis. Vol. 3, nº. 2, (2010): 304-332.

Prandi, Michele. “Translating Metaphors”. In: Miola, Emanuele; Ramat, Paolo. (Eds). Language Across Languages: New Perspectives on Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015, p. 83-104.

Schäffner, Christina. “Metaphor and translation: some implications of a cognitive approach.” Journal of Pragmatics. vol. 36, (2004): 1253-1269.

Sconvolto. Grande dizionario della lingua italiana. Utet grandi opere. Imola: Battaglia Edittore. p. 195.

Shrill. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/178871?rskey=OJ7ngd&result=2&isAdva nced=false#eid. Access in: 04 Out 2019.

Stern, Josef. Metaphor in Context. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2000.

Werth, Paul. Text Worlds: Representing Conceptual Space in Discourse. Londres: Pearson Education Inc.,1999.

Whistle. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/228547?rskey=VGnahR&result=2&isAdv anced=false#eid. Access in: 04 Out 2019.

Zerkowitz, Judit. “‘How Others See …’: Landscape and Identity in a Translated Poem by Radnóti”. In: Douthwaite, John; Virdis, Daniela Francesca; Zurru, Elisabetta. (Eds). The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Comp., 2017, p. 81-93.

Publicado

19-05-2020

Como Citar

Fois, E. (2020). A tradução em inglês de La Madre, de Grazia Deledda, e a relevância da cultura na tradução da metáfora da paisagem. Cadernos De Tradução, 40(2), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2020v40n2p112

Edição

Seção

Artigos