Dislexia, Bilinguismo e Educação: Influência no Processamento de Leitura em L1 e L2

Autores

  • Rebecca Reina UFRJ
  • Marije Soto
  • Jessica Marques
  • Márcia Reina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2023.e94534

Palavras-chave:

dislexia, bilinguismo, educação, leitura, profundidade ortográfica

Resumo

Os disléxicos são frequentemente desencorajados da aprendizagem da L2; no entanto, pode ter efeitos benéficos. O modelo de leitura de dupla rota (Ellis, 1995) propõe o processamento da leitura por meio de duas rotas distintas: a rota lexical e a fonológica. Investigamos o desempenho de leitura de jovens disléxicos bilíngues (8 a 11 anos) em inglês e português brasileiro (PB), verificando a transferência da estratégia de leitura lexical direta, mais compatível com a ortografia opaca e irregular do inglês, bem como a dislexia, beneficiando assim a leitura na BP também. Na verdade, os disléxicos apresentaram pior desempenho na leitura de pseudopalavras, mas menos prejuízo para palavras frequentes e melhor desempenho em inglês do que em PB, com pontuações quase semelhantes em comparação aos controles para leitura de frases. Isto mostra que a alta exposição ao inglês em contextos educacionais imersivos e centrados no aluno pode melhorar a leitura mesmo em jovens disléxicos bilíngues.

Referências

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Anthony, L., & Nation, I. S. P. (2021). Picture Vocabulary Size Test (Version 1.2.3) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Available from http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/pvst

Azevedo, A. F. (2016). Cérebro, Leitura e Dislexia: Um Estudo Experimental Sobre a Leitura e as Bases Neurais da Dislexia Em Monolíngues e Aprendizes de Inglês Como L2, Com o Uso de Ressonância Magnética Funcional. (Doctoral dissertation, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS).

Baayen, R. H. (2001). Word frequency distributions (Vol. 39). Springer Science & Business Media.

Baccaglini-Frank, A., & Cashin, A. (2019). Montessori education and dyslexia: A literature review. International Journal of Special Education, 34(2), 35-49.

Buchweitz, A., Costa, A., Toazza, R., de Moraes, A., Cara, V., Esper, N. … Franco, A. (2018). Decoupling of the Occipitotemporal Cortex and the Brain’s Default-Mode Network in Dyslexia and a Role for the Cingulate Cortex in Good Readers: A Brain Imaging Study of Brazilian Children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 44(1), 146–157.

Butterworth, B. (1980). Evidence from linguistic analysis for cognitive modularity. In M. P. Friedman, J. P. Das, & N. O'Connor (Eds.), Intelligence and Learning (pp. 83-107). New York: Plenum Press.

Capovilla, F. C., Dias, N. M., & Montiel, J. M. (2007). Avaliação cognitiva de leitura e escrita: fundamentos para a prática neuropsicológica. Vol. 1-3. São Paulo: Memnon.

Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Langdon, R., & Ziegler, J. (2001). DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychological Review, 108(1), 204

Costa, C. L. (2011). Dificuldades de leitura e memória de trabalho: Um estudo correlacional (master’s thesis, Universidade de Brasília).De Bree, E. H., Boerma, T., Hakvoort, B., Blom, E., & Van Den Boer, M. (2022). Word reading in monolingual and bilingual children with developmental language disorder. Learning and Individual Differences, 98, 102185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102185

Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (2011). The unique role of the visual word form area in reading. Trends in cognitive sciences, 15(6), 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.04.003

Dehaene, S. (2012). Os neurônios da leitura: Como a ciência explica a nossa capacidade de ler.

Dias, N. M., & Capovilla, F. C. (2013). Avaliação neuropsicológica cognitiva: leitura, escrita e aritmética. São Paulo: Memnon.

Ellis, A. W., Flude, B. M., & Young, A. W. (1990). "Neglect dyslexia" and the early visual processing of letters in the right hemisphere. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7(1), 21-40.

Ellis, A. W. (1995). Leitura, escrita e dislexia: Uma análise cognitiva.

Ellis, A. W., & Young, A. W. (1996). Connectionist models of cognitive neuropsychology: The simulation of reading aloud, writing, and the recognition of words. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13(5), 671-696.

Ferreira, J. A. T., Dias, N. M., Seabra, A. G., & Macedo, E. C. (2003). Performance of proficient reading students in the rapid automatized naming test (RAN). Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 19(1), 69-76.

Guimarães, A. M. L., & da Silva, A. C. A. (2013). Difficulties and possibilities of the inclusion of dyslexic students in physical education classes. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento, 21(4), 102-113.

Gutek, G. (2003). Maria Montessori: Contributions to Educational Psychology. In Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.), Educational psychology: A century of contributions (pp. 323-345). Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.

Grosjean, F., & Li, P. (2013). The psycholinguistics of bilingualism. Wiley-Blackwell.

Hedman, C. (2012). Profiling dyslexia in bilingual adolescents. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14(6), 529-542. DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2012.693201

Hebert, M., Kearns, D. M., Hayes, J. B., Bazis, P., & Cooper, S. (2018). Why Children With Dyslexia Struggle With Writing and How to Help Them. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49(4), 843-863. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0024. PMID: 30458545; PMCID: PMC6430506.

Ho, C. S.-H., & Fong, K.-M. (2005). Do Chinese Dyslexic Children Have Difficulties Learning English as a Second Language? Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 34(6), 603-618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-005-9166-1

Kessler, B. (1997). Repetition of pseudowords by children with specific language impairment: Delayed phonological processing or general processing difficulty? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(1), 193-206. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4001.193

Kofler, M. J. (2020). Working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective meta-analytic review of central executive and storage/rehearsal processes. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 103-139. doi: 10.1037/bul0000214

Lallier, M., Thierry, G., Barr, P., Carreiras, M., & Tainturier, M.-J. (2018). Learning to Read Bilingually Modulates the Manifestations of Dyslexia in Adults. Scientific Studies of Reading, 22(4), 335-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2018.1447942

Lillard, A. S., & Else-Quest, N. (2006). Evaluating Montessori education. Science, 313(5795), 1893-1894.

Lodej, M. (2016). Dyslexia in first and foreign language learning, a cross-linguistic approach. University of Vienna.

Nijakowska, J. (2008). An experiment with direct multisensory instruction in teaching word reading and spelling to Polish dyslexic learners of English. Language learners with special needs: an international perspective. Language Learners with Special Needs, 130-157.

Rodrigues, J. C., Nobre, A. P., Gauer, G., & Salles, J. F. (2015). Construção da tarefa de leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras (TLPP) e desempenho de leitores proficientes. Temas em Psicologia, 23(2), 413-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9788/TP2015.2-13

Scholl, A., & Finger, E. (2013). The development and validation of the Questionnaire for the Assessment of a Speaker's Experience and Proficiency (QuExPLi) in non-native varieties of English. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 23(2), 189-214. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-4192.2012.00322.x

Shaywitz, S. (2006). Entendendo a Dislexia. Um novo e completo programa para todos os níveis de problemas de leitura. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Siqueira, E. C. G. (2018). O uso das rotas de leitura no bilinguismo e sua relação com a profundidade ortográfica e a proficiência nas línguas. Revista do GELNE, 20(1), 27-45.

Soto, M., Gomes, J. N., França, A. I., & Manhães, A. G. (2018). Neurophysiology of grapheme decoding: The N170 as a predictive and descriptive tool. Revista da Abralin, 17(1), 402-433.

Sparks, R., & Ganschow, L. (1993). The impact of native language learning problems on foreign language learning: case study illustrations of the linguistic coding deficit hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal, 77(1), 58-74.Van Setten, E. R. H., Tops, W., Hakvoort, B. E., van der Leij, A., Maurits, N. M., & Maassen, B. A. M. (2017). L1 and L2 reading skills in Dutch adolescents with a familial risk of dyslexia. PeerJ, 5, e3895. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3895

Vender, M., Krivochen, D. G., Phillips, B., Saddy, D., & Delfitto, D. (2019). Implicit Learning, Bilingualism, and Dyslexia: Insights From a Study Assessing AGL With a Modified Simon Task. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01647

Vender, M., Delfitto, D., & Melloni, C. (2020). How do bilingual dyslexic and typically developing children perform in nonword repetition? Evidence from a study on Italian L2 children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(4), 884-896. doi:10.1017/S1366728919000828

Vender, M., Vernice, M. & Sorace, A. (2021). Supporting bilingualism in vulnerable populations. Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 24, 13830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413830

Wolf, M., & Bowers, P. G. (1999). The double-deficit hypothesis for developmental dyslexias. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(3), 415-438.

Wydell, T. N., & Butterworth, B. (1999). A case study of an English-Japanese bilingual with monolingual dyslexia. Cognition, 70, 273-305.

Wydell, T. N., & Kondo, T. (2003). Phonological deficit and the reliance on orthographic approximation for reading: a follow-up study on an English-Japanese bilingual with monolingual dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading, 26(1), 33-48.

Wydell, T. N., & Ijuin, M. (2018). A reading model from the perspective of Japanese orthography: connectionist approach to the hypothesis of granularity and transparency. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 51(5), 490-498.

Torgesen, J. K. (2005). Recent discoveries from research on remedial interventions for children with dyslexia. In H. L. Swanson, K. R. Harris, & S. Graham (Eds.), Handbook of learning disabilities (pp. 345-364). New York: Guilford Press.

Zhou, W., Xia, Z., Bi, Y., Shu, H., & Han, Z. (2019). Reduced neural activity in the VWFA during Chinese character recognition in dyslexic children. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 40, 100714. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100714.

Publicado

2023-11-30