Rule by Law (rule of man): Egypt's stabs the rule of law

Mohamed Arafa

doi:10.5007/2177-7055.2025.e109982

Autores

Mohamed Arafa Alexandria University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-8048

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2025.e109982

Palavras-chave:

Estado de Direito, Autoritarismo, Constitucionalismo, Direitos Humanos

Resumo

Este artigo analisa a relação paradoxal entre Estado de Direito e governança autoritária no Egito contemporâneo, argumentando que o sistema jurídico tem sido estrategicamente instrumentalizado para legitimar a repressão, em vez de garantir justiça e princípios democráticos. A partir da análise da estrutura constitucional egípcia, das leis de emergência, das normas antiterrorismo e das práticas judiciais, demonstra-se como o Estado utiliza o “governo pela lei” em vez do “Estado de Direito”, permitindo a centralização do poder executivo, o enfraquecimento da independência judicial, a restrição das liberdades civis e a repressão à dissidência política. Com base em fontes primárias, jurisprudência e relatórios de direitos humanos, evidencia-se como mecanismos legais, como a detenção preventiva prolongada, os tribunais militares para civis e os decretos excepcionais, são empregados para perpetuar o controle autoritário sob uma aparência de legalidade. Conclui-se que a atual ordem jurídica egípcia representa uma erosão sistemática do Estado de Direito, transformando a lei em instrumento de dominação, e não em garantia de direitos, justiça e constitucionalismo.

Biografia do Autor

Mohamed Arafa, Alexandria University

Mohamed ‘Arafa é Professor de Direito na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Alexandria (Egito) e Professor Adjunto de Direito e Pesquisador Visitante do Clarke Initiative na Cornell Law School. No verão e no outono de 2025, ele lecionará Direito Comparado e Crimes de Colarinho Branco Comparados como Professor Visitante de Direito no Instituto Brasileiro de Ensino, Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa (IDP), Faculdade de Direito, em Brasília, Brasil. Em 2023-2024, foi Professor Visitante de Direito na Chandigarh University, Institute of Legal Studies (UILS), na Índia (outono de 2024), e Professor Assistente de Direito na Prince Sultan University, College of Law (Arábia Saudita). É professor afiliado ao Center for Security, Race, and Rights, da Rutgers University School of Law. Em 2022-2023, atuou como Pesquisador Visitante em Direito e Bolsista Visitante ELEOS Justice na Faculdade de Direito da Monash University, Austrália. Entre 2012 e 2020, foi Professor Adjunto Visitante na Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law (Indianápolis). Em 2021, foi Professor Visitante de Direito na Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (Líbano). Entre 2016 e 2019, atuou como Professor Visitante de Direito na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Brasília (Brasil). Ele obteve seu LL.B. pela Universidade de Alexandria (2006), LL.M. pela University of Connecticut School of Law (2008), e seu SJD (Doutorado) pela Indiana University (2013).

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