A mecânica da desinformação eleitoral: fake news e o paralelo com as “trend topics” das redes sociais em 2022

Ricardo Pimenta; Tainá Regly; Anna Karla S. Silva; Hugo Belfort

doi:10.5007/1518-2924.2024.e100310

Authors

Ricardo Pimenta Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-4126
Tainá Regly Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-7013
Anna Karla S. Silva Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0118-1820
Hugo Belfort Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-8679

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2024.e100310%20

Keywords:

Disinformation, Misinformation, Elections 2022, Jair Bolsonaro, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Tempora

Abstract

Objective: Disinformation is a multifaceted challenge that threatens society in many ways, involving political, economic and ideological interests. This phenomenon spreads virally through social networks and other instant communication platforms, disseminating a variety of narratives. The increased use of these digital resources, driven by the everyday use of devices, allows various actors to participate in this information ecosystem.

Methods: This study aims to carry out a preliminary analysis of the main themes addressed by disinformation narratives during the 2022 electoral process in Brazil. The exploratory research was conducted in August, September, October and November 2022. The first phase was deductive, collecting data from fact-checking agencies recognized by the Superior Electoral Court and the Supreme Federal Court, using the Tempora tool, developed by the Digital Humanities Network Laboratory of the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology. The second phase was inductive, analyzing the content published by the selected agencies on the subject of the elections, using the Voyant Tools tool.

Results: The results of this analysis indicate that fake news and other forms of disinformation follow the same logic as trending topics on social networks. This dynamic is not an authentic cultural expression, but rather a strategy aimed at neutralizing opponents. In the electoral context, this strategy mainly involved the candidates Jair Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

Conclusions: This study contributes significantly to the advancement of knowledge about disinformation, emphasizing the importance of education, regulation and public awareness in the fight against this challenge and in preserving the integrity of democratic processes.

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Author Biographies

Ricardo Pimenta, Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information

He is a CNPq researcher 2 (productivity grant) and FAPERJ Young Scientist of Our State (2018 - 2020). Full researcher at the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) of the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC). Permanent Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Information Science (PPGCI/IBICT-UFRJ). Historian with a degree (2003) from Gama Filho University (UGF) and a postgraduate degree in Brazilian History (2005) from Cândido Mendes University (UCAM). He has a master's degree in Social Memory and Document (2006) from the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, and a doctorate in Social Memory (2010) from the same institution, with a doctoral internship (2007 - 2008) at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales - EHESS in Paris. He is leader of the Memory and Information Society Research Group (http://www.meso.ibict.br), registered in the CNPq directory, and coordinator of the IBICT Digital Humanities Network Laboratory (Larhud/COEPE/IBICT). He is currently Associate Editor (Latin America and Africa) of the International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing (IJHAC, formerly History and Computing). He is also coordinator of the GoFAIR Humanities network.

Tainá Regly, Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information

PhD student in Information Science in the Postgraduate Program in Information Science at IBICT/UFRJ and Master's degree from the same program (2021). Bachelor's degree in Library Science and Documentation from UFF (2018). She is currently a Research Assistant at IBICT and a collaborator in the Digital Humanities Network Laboratory (LARHUD). Among others, she works in the research groups BRIET - Biblioteconomia, Representação, Interoperabilidade, e-Science e Tecnologia and LEI - Laboratório de Ecossistemas Informacionais. He is interested in the areas of Data Visualization, Representation and Organization of Information and Knowledge, UX Design, Information Architecture and Research Data.

Anna Karla S. Silva, Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information

Master's student in Information Science in the Postgraduate Program in Information Science at IBICT/UFRJ (2022) Bachelor's degree in Library Science from the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO (2006). Postgraduate in Science, Technology and Health Communication from the Museum of Life (MV) of the Oswaldo Cruz House (COC) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ (2010). She currently works as a Librarian at the Cesgranrio Foundation in the Cesgranrio College Library. She has experience in Library Science in University Libraries.

Hugo Belfort, Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information

Master's student in Information Science at PPGCI/IBICT-UFRJ. Bachelor's degree in Library Science from the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (2020). Participated as a fellow in the Young Talents for Science program (2012). (Text provided by the author)

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