From mold to forms: Meter, rhythm and the translation of the hexameter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2015v35n2p124Abstract
In this article I shall discuss the rhythmical possibilities of the Greek hexameter, showing how this particular meter, sometimes mistakenly equated with the form 5da+sp, is, in fact, the result of a confluence of metrical cola from different poetical traditions articulated by the phraseology of epic poetry. I shall argue that the rhythmical patterns of the hexameter are responsible for eliciting non-trivial connotations that need to be made explicit in the translation because they are an integral part for construing poetical meaning. Finally, I shall try to demonstrate, by means of three practical examples, how a translation that is aware of these rhythmical articulations might be possible.References
BAKKER, E. J. Poetry in Speech: Orality and Homeric Discourse. Ithaca/ London: Cornell University Press, 1997. ISBN 9780801432958.
BARKER, A. Greek Musical Writings: Volume 2, Harmonic and Acoustic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 9780521616973.
BAUMAN, R.; BRIGGS, C. L. Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annu. Rev. Antropol., v. 19, p. 59-88, 1990.
[informação sobre o autor]
CORRÊA, P. D. C. Hamonia: mito e música na Grécia antiga. 2ª. São Paulo: Humanitas, 2008. ISBN 9788577321025.
EVANS, V. A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. ISBN 9780748622801.
FINNEGAN, R. Oral Traditions and the Verbal Arts: A Guide to Research Practices. Londres: Routledge, 1992:2003. ISBN 9781134945399.
FRÄNKEL, H. Der homerische und der kallimachische Hexameter. In: (Ed.). Wege und Formen frühgriechischen Denkens, 1955. p.100-56.
GENTILI, B. Poetry and Its Public in Ancient Greece: From Homer to the Fifth Century. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. ISBN 9780801840197.
GENTILI, B.; LOMIENTO, L. Metrica e ritmica. Milão. 2003.
GORKY, M.; MAYAKOVSKY, V.; MILLER, A. On the Art and Craft of Writing. University Press of the Pacific, 2000. ISBN 9780898750409.
HAGEL, S. Ancient Greek Music: A New Technical History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780521517645.
HASLAN, M. Stesichorean Metre. Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica, v. 17, p. 7-57, 1974.
______. The Versification of the New Stesichorus (P. Lille 76 abc). GRBS, v. 19, p. 29-57, 1978.
HAVELOCK, E. The Oral-literate equation: a formula for the modern mind. In: OLSON, D. R. e TORRANCE, N. (Ed.). Literacy and Orality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. p.11-27.
HAVELOCK, E. A. Prefácio a Platão. Campinas: Papirus, 1996. ISBN 853080368X.
KIRK, G. S. et al., Eds. The Iliad: A Commentary. The Iliad: A Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, v.v. 3, The Iliad: A Commentaryed. 1993.
KORZENIEWSKI, D. Griechische Metrik. Die Altertumswissenschaft. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1968.
MEILLET, A. Les Origines Indo-européennes des Mètres Grecs. Paris: Les Presses Universitaires de France, 1923.
NAGY, G. The best of the Achaeans. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. ISBN 9780801860157.
______. Pindar's Homer. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. Disponível em: < http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/nagy/PH.html >.
NIDA, E. A. Translating a text with a long and sensitive tradition. In: SIMMS, K. (Ed.). Translating Sensitive Texts: linguistic aspects: Rodopi, 1997. p.333. (Approaches to Translation Studies).
PAGLIARO, A. Aedi e Rapsodi. In: (Ed.). Saggi di Critica Semantica. Messina, Florença, 1953. p.3-62.
SCHLEGEL, A. W. Über die Bhagavad-gita. In: HEIDERMANN, W. (Ed.). Clássicos da Teoria da Tradução: alemão-português. 2ª edição, revisada e ampliada. Florianópolis: UFSC/Núcleo de Pesquisa em Literatura e Tradução, v.1, 2010. p.120-127. (Clássicos da Teoria da Tradução).
SICKING, C. M. J. Griechische Verslehre. Munique: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1993.
SNELL, B. Griechische Metrik. 4. Göttingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1982. ISBN 3525253184.
TÁPIA, M. Questões de equivalência métrica em tradução de poesia antiga. Revista Letras, n. 89, p. 17, 2004. ISSN 0100-0888.
THIONG'O, N. Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa. Oxford University Press, USA, 1998. ISBN 9780198183907.
THOMAS, R. Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. ISBN 0521350252.
______. Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 9780521377423.
WEST, M. L. Greek metre. Clarendon Press, 1982. ISBN 9780198140184.
______. Ancient Greek Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
ZUMTHOR, P. Introdução à Poesia Oral. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, 2010. ISBN 9788570417596.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Notice
Authors hold the copyright and grant the journal the right for their articles' first publication, being their works simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which allows the sharing of such works with its authorship acknowledged and its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are allowed to enter into separate additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or as a book chapter, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal).
