I’m doing everything wrong. Juggling working mothers in pandemics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584-2024v32n188610Keywords:
Gender; Motherhood; Work-Life Balance; Care Work; Covid-19Abstract
This article aims to analyse the experiences of working mothers in organising the care of their children during the weeks of mandatory confinement caused by the covid-19 pandemic between March and May 2020. This qualitative research was conducted in Zaragoza, Spain, with semi structured interviews with 16 working Spanish and foreign mothers raising children under 12 in partnership or as a single parent. The results show that the pandemic and confinement caused household imbalances in terms of childcare, mainly due to the closure of childcare services, the reconfiguration of paid work, and the absence of support networks. This situation forced them to put in place new domestic arrangements that meant an overload of work for mothers.
Downloads
References
ABRIL, Paco; BOTIA, Carmen; DOMÍNGUEZ, Marta; GONZÁLEZ, María José; JURADO, Teresa; LAPUERTA, Irene; MARTÍN GARCÍA, Teresa; MONFERRER, Jordi; SEIZ PUYUELO, Marta. “Ideales igualitarios y planes tradicionales: análisis de parejas primerizas en España”. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, n. 150, p. 3-22, 2015. Disponible en http://hdl.handle.net/10261/205912.
ALCORTA, Eider; CALZADA, Inés; FOUASSIER, Maite; HERNÁNDEZ-CORDERO, Ana Lucía; GÓMEZ GARRIDO, María; GUTIÉRREZ SASTRE, Marta; MURIEL, Mercedes; PAEZ, Virginia; RUIZ-CIARRETA, Irune. Los servicios sociales ante la pandemia. Relatos a través de las vivencias de las trabajadoras sociales. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública -INAP, Colección INAP Investiga, 2022.
ALMEDA, Elisabet; DI NELLA, Dino. Las familias monoparentales a debate. Barcelona: Copalqui Editorial, 2011.
Á LVAREZ-REBOLLEDO, Alondra; BARRIOS, Erika. “Efectos del Burnout en madres solteras mexicanas durante la contingencia del COVID-19”. Psicología(s), v. 4, p. 28-50, 2020.
AMILPAS, Mónica. “Mujeres, trabajo de cuidados y sobreexplotación desigualdades de género en México durante la pandemia por COVID-19”. Espacio I+D, Innovación más Desarrollo, v. 9, n. 25, p. 99-117, 2020.
ATKINSON, Rowland; FLINT, John. “Accessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies”. Social research update, v. 33, n. 1, p. 1-4, 2001.
BADINTER, Elisabet. La mujer y la madre. Un libro polémico sobre la maternidad como nueva forma de esclavitud. Madrid: La esfera de los libros, 2011.
BLÁZQUEZ, María; MONTES, María. “Emociones ante la maternidad: de los modelos impuestos a las contestaciones de las mujeres”. Ankulegui, Revista de Antropología Social, n. 14, p. 81-92, 2010.
BODENDORFER, Catherine. “The Myth of Choice in Intensive Mothering”. Studies in the Maternal, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-4, 2015.
BONCORI, Ilaria. “The Never-ending Shift: A feminist reflection on living and organizing academic lives during the coronavirus pandemic”. Gender Work Organ, v. 27, p. 677-682, 2020.
BROWN, Catrina. “Speaking of Women’s Depression and the Politics of Emotion”. Affilia, v. 34, n. 2, p. 151-169, 2019.
CALARCO, Jessica; ANDERSON, Elizabeth; MEANWELL, Emily; KNOPF, Amelia. “‘Let´s Not Pretend It´s Fun’: How COVID-19 related School and Childcare Closures are Damaging Mother´s Well-being”. SocArXiv, v. 4, 2020. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jyvk4.
CAPPELLINI, Benedetta; HARMAN, Vicki; MARILLI, Alessandra; PARSONS, Elizabeth. “Intensive mothering in hard times: Foucauldian ethical self-formation and cruel optimism”. Journal of Consumer Culture, v. 19, n. 4, p. 469-492, 2019.
CARRASCO, Cristina. “Mujeres, sostenibilidad y deuda social”. Revista de educación, n. 1 extraordinario, p. 169-191, 2009.
DARRÉ, Silvana. Maternidad y tecnologías de género. Buenos Aires: Katz, 2013.
DOUGLAS, Susan; MICHAELS, Meredith. The Mommy Myth: The Idealization of Motherhood and How It Has Undermined All Women. New York: Free Press, 2004.
DEL BOCA, Daniela; OGGERO, Noemi; PROFETA, Paola; ROSSI, María. “Women’s work, housework and childcare, before and during Covid-19”. Review of Economic of the Household, v. 18, p. 1001-1017, 2020.
DÍAZ, Magdalena. “La conciliación en la encrucijada: vida laboral y familiar de empleadas y empleadoras de hogar”. LexSocial, Revista Jurídica De Derechos Sociales, v. 9, n. 2, p. 198-211, 2019.
ELIZALDE-SAN MIGUEL, Begoña; DÍAZ, Magdalena. “Grupos de crianza comunitaria: ¿iniciativas comunitarias o grupos identitarios?”. Revista Española de Sociología, v. 30, n. 2, 2021. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2021.30.
ENNIS, Linda. Intensive Mothering: The Cultural Contradictions of Modern Motherhood. Toronto: Demeter Press, 2014.
ESPAÑA. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) (2020). Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA). Ocupados a tiempo parcial por número de hijos. España, UE-27 y UE-28 (% de ocupados de 25 a 54 años). Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
ESPING-ANDERSEN, Gøsta. Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.
EZQUERRA, Sandra. “Crisis de los cuidados y crisis sistémica: la reproducción como pilar de la economía llamada real”. Investigaciones Feministas, v. 2, p. 175-194, 2011. https://doi:10.5209/rev_INFE.2011.v2.38610.
EZQUERRA, Sandra; DE EGUIA HUERTA, María. “¿Redistribución de los cuidados? El papel de la familia, el mercado y las políticas públicas en Catalunya”. Política y Sociedad, v. 57, n. 3, p. 769-795, 2020.
FARRÉ, Lidia; FAWAZ, Yarine; GONZÁLEZ, Libertad; GRAVES, Jennifer. “How the COVID-19 Lockdown Affected Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work in Spain”. IZA, Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Papers Series, n. 13434, p. 1-36, 2020.
FERNÁNDEZ, Juan; TOBÍO, Constanza. “Mujeres: entre el salario y el cuidado”. ICE, Revista de Economía, n. 908, p. 99-118, 2019.
FERNÁNDEZ, Paloma; BOGINO, Mercedes. “Paradojas de género: mujeres que declinan la maternidad y padres que reclaman la crianza”. AIBR, revista de Antropología iberoamericana, v. 14, n. 3, p. 491-514, 2019.
FRONTONI, Elisabetta. “Covid-19 and Inequality: A Gender Perspective”. European Journal of Social Sciences, v. 3, n. 2, p. 127-134, 2020.
FODOR, É va; GREGOR, Anikó ; KOLTAI, Jú lia; KOVÁ TS, Eszter. “The impact of COVID-19 on the gender division of childcare work in Hungary”. European Societies, v. 23, n. 1, p. 95-110, 2020.
HAYS, Sharon. The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
HERTZ, Rossana; MATTES, Jane; SHOOK, Alexandría. “When Paid Work Invades the Family: Single Mothers in the covid-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Family Issues, v. 42, n. 9, p. 2019-2045, 2020. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20961420.
HENNEKAM, Sophie; SHYMKO, Yuliya. “Coping with the COVID-19 crisis: force majeure and gender performativity”. Gender, Work & Organization, v. 27, n. 5, p. 788-803, 2020. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12479.
HOCHSCHILD, Arlie-Russell; MACHUNG, Anne. The second shift: working families and the revolution al home. USA: Penguin Books, 1989.
MANZO, Lidia; MINELLO, Alessandra. “Mothers, childcare duties, and remote working under Covid-19 Lockdown in Italy: Cultivating communities of care”. Dialogues in Human Geography, v. 10, n. 2, p. 120-123, 2020.
MEIL, Gerardo; ROGERO-GARCÍA, Jesús. “Abuelas y abuelos y padres varones en el cuidado de la infancia”. Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, v. 32, n. 1, p. 49-67, 2014.
MORÉ, Paloma. “Cuidados y crisis del coronavirus: el trabajo invisible que sostiene la vida”. Revista Española de Sociología (RES), v. 29, n. 3, p. 737-745, 2020.
O’BRIEN, Lynn. “Conceiving Intensive Mothering”. Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering, v. 8, n. 1-2, p. 96-108, 2006.
O´'REILLY, Andrea. “We need to talk about patriarchal motherhood: essentialization, naturalization and idealization in Lionel Shriver´s We Need to Talk about Kevin”. Journal of the Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement, v. 7, n. 1, p. 64-81, 2016.
PAZOS, María. Contra el Patriarcado. Economía feminista para una sociedad justa y sostenible. Pamplona: Katakrak Liburuak, 2018.
PÉREZ OROZCO, Amaia. “Amenaza tormenta. La crisis de los cuidados y la reorganización del sistema económico”. Revista de Economía Crítica, n. 5, p. 7-37, 2006.
SEIZ, Marta; GONZÁLEZ, María José; JURADO-GUERRERO, Teresa; LAPUERTA, Irene; MARTÍNGARCÍA, Teresa. “Non-normative Couples in Spain: Mothers’ Career Commitment, Fathers’ Work Arrangements, and Egalitarian Ideology”. In: GRUNOW, Daniela; EVERTSSON, Marie (Eds.). New Parents in Europe. Work-Care Practices, Gender Norms and Family Policies. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019. p. 169-186.
SERRANO, Cecilia. “Impacto emocional y crianza de menores de cuatro años durante el COVID-19”. Perifèria, revista de recerca i formació en antropologia, v. 25, n. 2, p. 74-87, 2020.
SERRANO, Cecilia. “COVID-19 y vivienda. Experiencias de familias confinadas con menores de cuatro años en el hogar”. EHQUIDAD. Revista Internacional De Políticas De Bienestar y Trabajo Social, n. 15, p. 27-46, 2021.
TORRES, Yorneylis. “La Maternidad como ideal femenino: desde lo dominante, lo residual y lo emergente”. Perspectivas Revista de Ciencias Sociales, v. 5, n. 9, p. 32-50, 2020.
VEGA, Cristina; MARTÍNEZ-BUJÁN, Raquel; PAREDES, Myriam (Eds.). Cuidado, comunidad y común. Extracciones, apropiaciones y sostenimiento de la vida. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños, 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Estudos Feministas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Revista Estudos Feministas is under the Creative Commons International 4.0 Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), that allows sharing the work with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
The license allows:
Sharing (copying and redistributing the material in any support or format) and/or adapting (remixing, transforming, and creating from the material) for any purpose, even if commercial.
The licensor cannot revoke these rights provided the terms of the license are respected. The terms are the following:
Attribution – you should give the appropriate credit, provide a link to the license and indicate if changes were made. This can be done in several ways without suggesting that the licensor has approved of the use.
Without additional restrictions – You cannot apply legal terms or technological measures that prevent others from doing something allowed by the license.