Pirates, Anamites and Trafficking: A study on worker engagement in 19th century Macau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1984-9222.2023.e92374Keywords:
Indentured labor, Portuguese Empire, MacaoAbstract
In the third quarter of the 19th century, Macau, a Portuguese enclave in Chinese territory, became an important departure port for indentured labores. Official documents testify to the concern of the Portuguese metropolis with the growing flow of Chinese, the types of contracts, recruitment, transport conditions and the conditions of the barracks where they awaited shipment, in addition to the external repercussions involving the English, French and Chinese. This article studies the forced emigration of a group of Annamites kidnapped at sea by Chinese pirates and then sold as emigrants to emigration agents in Macau. A case study revealing some of the minutiae of the capillary business network with the aim of recruiting individuals and transforming them into indentured labores to supply the world's demand for cheap and disciplined labor.
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