The Arithmetic and the Intuitive Method in textbooks of primary education (secondary and higher/complementary) in Brazil and France in the late 19th century and early 20th century

Abstract

The article discusses, from four textbooks, respectively, published in Brazil and in France, the presence of some intuitive method FEATURES in arithmetic lessons presented by Olavo Freire and Pierre Leyssenne, who sought to put in their works the current official programs of elementary school. In this sense, in times of the publication of Freire and Leyssenne’s books, it is important to note that the historical context of primary school, of these countries, collaborated to the discussions promoted. Therefore, present the first Pestalozzi’s ideas on the intuitive method and understand the development given by Ferdinand Buisson became the goals set for this early study, because, if the sensitive intuition Buisson shared of Pestalozzi's ideas, he would distance himself from it by developing an innovative work in two other areas: intellectual intuition and moral intuition.