Self-Injurious and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents in Brazil an integrative literature review

Abstract

Adolescence is a pivotal stage for emotional and social development but also a phase of heightened vulnerability. These conditions are closely linked to an increase in self-injurious behaviors (SIB), characterized as self-inflicted injuries without suicidal intent. Studies reveal that approximately 23% of adolescents have engaged in SIB, with 20% experiencing recurrent episodes, highlighting their role as significant predictors of suicide risk. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with SIB and its correlation with suicide attempts. This is an integrative literature review, with a search conducted on the PubMed database using the following MeSH/DeCS descriptors: "Adolescent” AND "Self-Injurious Behavior" AND "Suicide." A total of 34 studies were analyzed, of which 8 were selected for inclusion in the analysis. In Brazil, the growing prevalence of self-harm among adolescents reflects challenges such as social inequalities, family conflicts, exclusion, and bullying. Furthermore, the excessive use of screens has a significant impact, directly and indirectly, on behavior which exposes adolescents to various critical situations. Adolescents exposed to neglect, violence, or other adversities are particularly at risk, while stigma surrounding the issue hinders help-seeking behaviors and access to treatment. Furthermore, addressing this issue requires a multidimensional approach involving families, schools, healthcare professionals, and public policies, aiming to foster well-being and mitigate the impact of self-injurious behaviors on adolescents. However, it is essential to train professionals to identify risk indicators, and implement more effective therapeutic interventions.