De la personalización algorítmica a las guerras de información: la dinámica de las burbujas de (des)información en torno al 7 de septiembre de 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2022.e86628Palabras clave:
Desinformación, Cámaras de eco , Filtros de burbujas, Exposición selectiva a la información, TwitterResumen
Objetivo: La retórica antidemocrática relacionada con las festividades del Día de la Independencia de Brasil de 2021 se difundió rápidamente en las redes sociales, creando burbujas informativas susceptibles a la amplia difusión de piezas desinformativas. Centrándose en la producción, circulación y uso de la información, este estudio investiga las características de estas burbujas de (des)información en Twitter.
Método: el análisis de datos se realizó a partir de la combinación de Análisis de Redes Sociales y Análisis de Contenido, con una encuesta realizada a través de la Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones (API) de Twitter utilizando el término de búsqueda “7 de Setembro”.
Resultados: a partir del análisis de 40.000 tweets, se identificó que en seis de los ocho días analizados, una sola burbuja tuvo la mayor influencia en la red. Se identificaron cuatro características que contribuyeron a ello: (1) la prevalencia del uso de bots políticos (77,8% de n = 28) para compartir temas de interés; o (2) uso intencional de hashtags con mayor esfuerzo de coordinación y movilización; y (3) uso de fuentes y tipos de información derivados de medios partidistas (83,3% de n = 20), que en su mayoría apelan a la estética, los afectos y las pasiones colectivas.
Conclusiones: si, por un lado, las estrategias de selección y entrega de información son fundamentales en un mundo donde la información se produce a gran escala, por otro lado, la forma poco transparente en que se realiza esta personalización se ha convertido en una fórmula dañina para la ámbito democrático, al permitir la propagación de desinformación a gran escala, además de reposicionar en el centro del debate ideologías extremistas que alguna vez fueron periféricas, ética y moralmente rechazadas.
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